The documents are stored in files that are (of) non-standard size.
文件保存在非标准尺寸的文件夹里。
请问这句中的介词 of 用还是不用?有何区别?谢谢您!
网友的问题,涉及介词of 省略的问题。
现在,我把最常见的of 省略,归纳如下:
1. 介词 of 后面,跟下列名词时,可以省略:
age, colour, length, width, depth, height, shape, size, thickness, material, quality 等表示大小、长短、深浅、重量、年龄、颜色、材料、高度、形状等的词。例如:
When I was (of) your age,I depended on myself. 我是你那么大时,就自食其力了。
(Of) What colour is your shirt? 你的衬衫是什么颜色的?
The two pairs of shoes are (of) the same size. 这两双鞋号码一样大。
The twins are (of) the same height. 这对双胞胎一样高。
The door is (of) a dark green. 这扇门是深绿色的。
These goods are (of) good quality. 这些商品质量很好。
【特别注意】
在at the age of 结构中,the 和of 可以同时省略。如:
At age 14,I became a student of Yale University.14岁时,我成了耶鲁大学的一名学生。
2. be of no use/be of no good 中,of 往往省略。
This medicine is (of) no use to my mother. 这种药对我妈妈没用。
It is (of) no good eating much fat. 吃很多的油腻没有好处。
It's (of) no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
3. 介词of 后面,如果是一个由连接代词或连接副词引起的从句或不定式短语时,它前面所带的介词一般都省去。
You have no idea (of) how grateful I am for all you have done.
你不知道我多么感激你为我所做的一切。
Many parents are not aware (of) what their children do in their spare time.
许多父母并不知道自己的孩在闲暇时间都做了些什么。
You should be careful (of) what you say.你应该小心注意自己所说的话。
The boy was at a loss (of) how to answer the question.
那个男孩不知道如何回答这个问题。
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The documents are stored in files that are (of) non-standard size.
文件保存在非标准尺寸的文件夹里。
请问这句中的介词 of 用还是不用?有何区别?谢谢您!
解答如下:
主语+be of +名词,用来说明该名词的共同具有的“属性”
be of 后可接两种不同性质和类型的名词,他们的意义大相径庭。
(1)be of 后可接value, importance, use, help, significance, interest, benefit 等一些抽象名词,这样的结构用来说明句子主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义。 在这类抽象名词前我们可用一些形容词,如: great, little, some, any, no, not much等来修饰抽象名词,用以说明程度。
They are of great help to learners of English.
他们对英语学习者有很大帮助。
The book will be of great value to students of history.
这本书对学历史的学生将很有用。
The meeting is of great importance.
这个会议很重要。
This medicine is of no use.
这种药无效。
This matter is of no significance.
这件事无关紧要。
备注:在“be of + 抽象名词”结构中, 其意义就相当于 “be + 与该抽象名词同词根的形容词”。如:be of value→be valuable, be of help→be helpful, be of use→be useful, be of importance→be important, be of significance→be significant等。它们之间可以相互转换, 因此,以上各例句可转换为:
They are very helpful to learners of English.
This book is very valuable to students of history.
This meeting is very important.
This medicine is useless.
This matter is insignificant.
(2)be of +名词,还可用来说明句子主语在度量,大小,颜色,类别等方面的特征。这类名词有 colour, age, size, height, weight, shape, type,kind, quality等。在这类名词前常用different, all, the same, this, that, a(n) + 形容词等词来修饰或说明。
Coins may be of different sizes, weights, shapes, and of different metals.
货币可能在大小、重量、形状和铸造的金属方面都有所不同。
These pens are of many different colours.
这些笔有许多不同的颜色。
The two rooms are of a size / of the same size.
这两个房间大小一样。
He is of the same weight as his brother.
他和他弟弟一样重。
The productive forces were of a very low level.
生产力处于非常低的水平。
City Lights and Modern Times were of this kind.
“城市之光”和“摩登时代”就是这种影片。
备注:此类句型中的某些表达可以转换成 “be + different / the same + in + 抽象名词” 的形式。
Coins may be different in size, weight, shape, and metal.
These pens are different in colour.
The two rooms are the same in size.
英语中省略介词的七种常见情形
【一】介词of的省略
【1】all of, both of, half of 用于带限定词(如my, the, these等)的名词前时,其中的介词of通常可以省略:
All (of) the students have passed the exam.
所有的学生都考及格了。
Both (of) my parents are interested in history.
我的父母都对历史感爱好。
Half (of) the milk had been drunk.
有一半牛奶已被喝了。
【备注】若用于人称代词前,则其中的of不可省略:
All (Both, Half) of us wanted to leave.
我们大家(俩,有一半人)都想走。
【2】of+限定词+age/size/height/weight/use,etc:
They have a daughter(of)my age.
他们有一个和我同岁的女儿。
We haven't anything(of) your size.
你这种尺码我们没有。
It's(of)no use talking.
说也没用。
【3】outside(of)outside of与outside(在/除……外)同义,of可以省略。
To live in flats and tenements is unusual outside(of)London.
在伦敦范围之外,住公寓和几家合住的住宅是罕见的。
Outside(of)the climate,the place has no advantages.
除了气候,这地方没有优点。
【4】连接代词和副词前介词的省略
在tell, ask, depend, look, certain, clear, sure, idea, decide 等常用词后面,who, which, what, where, whether, how 等引导的从句前面的介词通常可以省略:
Have you any idea (of) when he will come?
你知道他什么时候来吗?
I’m not certain (of) what I’m supposed to do.
我不肯定我应该做什么。
【二】介词on的省略
表示星期、日期等的时间的介词on有时可省略:
See you (on) June 21st.
6月21日见吧。
They arrived(on) Wednesday afternoon.
他们在星期三下午到达。
【三】介词for的省略
【1】表示一段时间或距离前的介词有时可省略:
I lived there (for) ten years.
我在那儿住了10年。
They walked (for) fifty miles.
他们走了50英里。
We waited(for)three hours in the pouring rain.
我们在倾盆大雨中等了三小时.
备注:但在否定句中或用于句首时,介词for通常不能省略:
For ten years he lived here.
他在这里住过10年。
We have not heard from him for a long time.
我们很久没收到他的来信了。
备注:若所修饰的动词不是在整个时间范围内都自始自终延续,则for也不省略:
I taught her for three years.
我教过她三年。(其中的for不能省略)
【2】某些结构中表示原因的介词for有时可以省略:
Pardon me (for) interrupting you.
请原谅我打断你的话。
We quite envy you (for) your success.
我们十分羡慕你的成功。
Please forgive me (for) my fault.
请原谅我的过错。
【四】介词at的省略
what time前的介词at通常可以省略:
What time did he leave here?
他是什么时候离开这儿的?
备注:在“about [around] 时间名词”前的介词at也通常省略:
He arrived (at) about ten o’clock.
他大约(在)10点钟到的。
备注:at home 这一短语中的介词at在美国英语中通常省略:
Let’s stay (at) home this evening.
今晚我们就呆在家里吧。
【五】介词from的省略
在 prevent [stop]…from doing sth(阻止…发生),save…(from) doing sth(免去…做某事)等结构中的介词from通常可以省略:
The heavy rain prevented him (from) coming.
大雨使他不能来。
If I can stop them (from) going there, I’ll do it.
要是我能够阻止他们去那里,我会这样做的。
If you do it tonight, it will save you (from) having to get up early.
你假如今晚做这事,明天早上你就不必早起了。
【备注】在被动语态中from通常不宜省略。另外,在表示类似含义的prohibit/deter/ hinder…from doing sth 中的from习惯上不省略,而在与此同义的keep…from doing sth中,from则绝不可省略,否则含义不同:
He kept me from working.
他不让我工作。
He kept me working.
他要我不停地工作。
I'll punish you to deter you from stealing again.
我要惩罚你,使你不再偷窃。
He tried to hinder me from going out.
他试图阻止我出去。
【六】介词on/about的省略
It depends (on) whether you can afford it.
这要看你是否买得起。
Tell me (about) what he said to you.
告诉我他给你讲了些什么。
若以上从句被简化为“疑问词 不定式”,其前的介词也可省略:
I’m not quite clear (about) what to do.
我不很确定要做什么。
【备注】除以上提到的少数情形外,在其他情况下则通常不宜随便省略:
We’re worried about where he is.
我们担心他上什么地方去了。(about不能省)
【七】介词in的省略
【1】在 in this way, in that way, in the same way, in another way 等表达中的介词in 通常可以省略:
Do it (in) this way.
这样做。
Let me put it (in) another way.
让我用另一种方式解释。
The work must be finished(in)one way or another.
这工作必须设法做好。
Mary cooks turkey(in) the way her mother did.
玛丽用她母亲的方法烹调火鸡。
【2】许多动名词前的介词in可以省略:
Be careful (in) crossing the street.
过街道要小心。
He lost no time (in) answering the question.
他马上就回答了那个问题。
但若介词 in 出现在句首,则通常不宜省略:
In crossing the street he was run over.
他在穿过马路时被汽车撞倒。
【3】在这类用法中要注重一些常用句型:
be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事
be late (in) doing sth 做某事做晚了或做迟了
spend money [time] (in) doing sth 花钱(时间)做某事
waste money [time] (in) doing sth 浪费钱(时间)做某事
have luck (in) doing sth 做某事时有运气(走运)
have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有困难
have bother (in) doing sth 做某事费劲
have a problem (in) doing sth做某事有困难
have a good time (in) doing sth 做某事很开心
have a hard time (in) doing sth 做某事很辛劳
find difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事发现有困难
There is no difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事没有困难
There is no use (in) doing sth 做某事没有用
There is no point (in) doing sth 做某事没有意义
如果觉得我的回答对您有用,请随意打赏。你的支持将鼓励我继续创作!
含有 height,weight,length, size,shape,age,colour 等词的表达方式,一般由动词be 将其与句子的主语连起来,而不用介词。
He is just the right height to be a policeman.他的身高当警察正合适。
She's the same age as me.她和我同岁。
His head's a funny shape. 他的头形很怪。
I'm the same weight as I was twenty years ago.我现在的体重和20年前一样。
What shoe size are you? 你穿几号鞋?
What colour are her eyes? 她的眼睛是什么颜色的?(不能说:Of what colour ... ?)
(以上摘自《牛津英语用法指南》第三版 451.8)