情态动词will与would的用法归纳

1. 表示意愿

will 表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿。如：

I will bring it tomorrow. 我明天会把它带来。

We will not go there again. 我们不会再去那里。

He asked if I would go to the cinema with him. 他问我是否愿同他一起去看电影。

If you will allow me, I will see you home. 如果你同意，我可以送你回家。

If you will come, we will be glad. 假如你能来的话，我们就会很高兴。

2. 表示征求意见或提出请求

will和would均可用，主要用于第二人称的疑问句中，would此时并不表过去，而表示委婉语气。如：

Will / would you please tell me the way to the post office? 请告诉去邮局的路好吗?

Will / Won’t you have some tea? 你喝点茶，好吗？

You wouldn’t have the time to phone him, would you? 你现在没有那么多时间给他打电话是吧？

would有时与like, love, hate, prefer, be glad, be happy等连用，用于提出建议或邀请。如：

Would you like some cake or biscuit? 你要吃点蛋糕还是饼干?

I’d like / love a coffee. 我倒想喝杯咖啡。

I would hate you to think I was criticizing you. 我可不愿意让你觉得我是在批评你。

3. 表示习惯和倾向性

will表示现在，would表示过去。如：

A bear will not touch a dead body. 熊通常不碰死尸。

Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。

This door won’t open. 这扇门打不开。

He will sit for hours without saying a word. 他经常一坐数小时而不发一言。

She would lose the key! 她总是把钥匙弄丢了。

When he was a child, he would often go skiing. 他小时候经常去滑雪。

He told me the box wouldn’t open. 他告诉我箱子打不开了。

4. 表示推测

will用于推测现在，would用于推测过去，也可用于推测现在，语气较委婉。如：

This bus will hold 40 people. 这辆大客车可以坐40人。

The teacher will be over fifty. 老师的年龄大概过五十了吧？

That would be in 1978, I think. 我看这事发生在1978年。

That would be her father. 这大概是他妈。

有时will / would+完成式，表示对过去可能已经发生的情况的推测。如：

He will have heard the news. 他已经听到那消息了吧。

I thought you would have finished it by now. 我想你现在可能已经做完了吧。

6. 表示执意或决心

will表示现在，would表示过去。如：

He will have his own way. 他坚持要一意孤行。

I won't have you say such things. 我可不许你说这样的话。

He would do it, though I told him not to. 虽然我叫他不要做，可是他偏要做。

7. 表示命令、许诺、指示、叮嘱等

You will carry out these instructions and report back this afternoon. 你要执行这些指示并在今天下午报告执行情况。

Will you be quiet! 安静点儿！

You will have your share. 你会得到你那一份的。

8. would用于评论某一特定的行为

That’s just what he would say. 他就是爱说这种话。

It would rain on the day we choose for a picnic! 我们哪天去野餐，哪天就准下雨！

9．would表示过去反复发生的动作

Now and then he would come to see me. 他时不时来看我。

We would play catch here. 我们以前常在这儿玩捉球游戏。

10. would用于虚拟条件句

If I had money, I would go abroad. 假如我有钱我定会到国外去。

If he had been there, he would have helped you. 假如他那时在场，他定会帮助你的。

ought to与should的用法

(1)ought to 和 should 都表示义务，意思为：应该，本该。但 ought to 强调道义、法律所规定的职责；而 should 一般是表示说话者的一种主观看法。如：

We ought to respect our teachers and parents. 

我们应该尊敬老师和父母亲。

We should work hard. 

我们应该努力工作。

(2)ought to 和 should 接动词的完成时，表示该做的事而未做，常含有对对方的责备。如：

You ought to / should have finished your work yesterday. 

你本应该在昨天就把工作完成了。

I should have visited you if I had known your address. 

要是我知道你的地址，我早该来拜访你了。