① not until 后面有固定的时态吗?这道题为什么要选A,完成时呢?
"Will you go now"
"Not until I ______ my work."
A.have finished B.finish C.will finish D.finished
题目给出的解释为:本题用现在完成时,是为了强调对现在的影响,强调动作的结束。
我不明白的是:既然用完成时强调动作的结束,那说明活已经干完了,明显和句子表达的意思不符(你现在可以走了。直到干完活我才会走。)。
②我在阅读时读到这么一段话,和①的问题有些相似:
“Let me out,” Harry said yet again, in a voice that was cold and almost as calm as Dumbledore’s.“Not until I have had my say,” said Dumbledore.
这句话给出的翻译是:“让我出去,”哈利又说了一遍,语气冷冰冰的,就像邓布利多的声音一样平静。“等我把话讲完。”邓布利多说。
这句话翻译明显表达出动作还没结束,这和①中答案给出的解释明显矛盾啊。
这是我自己的理解不是是否正确,还望老师指正。
完成时在其后接表示一段时间(如for)表示该动作或状态有可能延续下去,而until也是表示一段时间,因此not until后用完成时表示在当前时刻动作或状态有可能延续下去。以①为例子:I will not go until I have finished mt work.既在说话的这一时刻工作还未完成。
"Will you go now"
"Not until I ______ my work."
Not until I ______ my work.= I finish饿、wll not go until I have finished/fininsh my work.
当主句为否定句,谓语动词为非延续性动词时,until表示主句未做某事的状态的结束时间点,也即做某事的时间点---go的时间。如果用一般现在时finish,则意味着go的动作发生在finish my work这一刻。假设工作是5点零1分结束的,go也在5点零1分发生。工作一干完,一刻也不停留,立刻走了。如果用现在完成时,则表示go这动作发生在have finished my work这个时间,如果工作在五点零1分结束,那么对5点5分,5点半,以及6点来说都是have finished my work. 即不是工作一干完就立刻离开,而是干完工作后的某个时间。这更符合实际情况,因为通常我们干完工作会收拾一下工作台,换下工作服,喝一口水,喘一口气,上个厕所等等。因此,not until I have finished my work,要比finish更常用。
这和所谓完成时对现在的影响没有任何关系。
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这是我以前的一个解答,跟你的问题有直接关系,可以参考。
I’ll go home as soon as I have finished my homework.
Please lend me that book if you have finished reading it.
【问】 以上两句中的时间从句和条件从句,为何用现在完成时?
【答】你的问题,从本质上看就是:现在完成时用在“时间状语从句”或者“条件状语从句”中,表示将来业已完成的动作或状态,代替将来完成时,说明动作在将来发生。这跟从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时,是一个道理。例如:
1. 用于时间状语从句:until, as soon as, when
Stay in the house until the danger has passed. 躲在家里,直到危险过后再出来。
I'm very busy just now; wait until things have eased up a little. 我现在非常忙,等事情缓一缓再说。
Don't drink the water until it has been cooled. 直到水冷了之后再喝。
We can't move in until the electricity has been laid on. 我们得等电源接通后才能搬进去。
I'll go to my granny's as soon as I have finished my homework. 我一完成作业就去奶奶家。
As soon as he has regained his memory, the problem will be solved. 只要他一恢复记忆,问题就可以解决了。
When you have formed a plan, you must carry it out. 计划订出之后,你必须贯彻执行。
The hen cackles when she has laid an egg. 母鸡下蛋就咯咯地叫。
When you have washed the car , wipe it down well . 你把汽车冲洗过后,要好好用布揩拭一下。
Don't forget to switch off when you have finished. 做完之后别忘了关掉。
Put the book back when you have done with it. 你读完这本书时把它放回原处。
2. 用于条件状语从句:if, once, as long as
If you have finished reading the book before I leave, please lend it to me. 如果你在我离开之前就读完了这本书,请借给我。
If he has written the letter, I'll post it. 如果他写完了信,我就把它寄走。
Once we have promised, we should keep it. 一旦许下诺言,我们务必遵守。
We cannot move him from any decision once he has made it. 他一旦做出决定,我们就无法使他改变。
You can watch TV as long as you have finished your homework. 只要完成了作业,你就可以看电视。
As long as you have passed the previous three relevant practice game, we can end the confrontation between rivals. 只要你通过了前面三关的练习赛,就可以对决最终的对手。
3. 偶尔还用在让步状语从句中,例如:
Even though you have set the bird free, it can hardly survive. 就算将来你放了这只鸟,它也很难活。
【注意】
1. 你的第2句,主句部分是个祈使句,实际上相当于一个一般将来时的句子,因为祈使句的动作都是将来才发生的。例如:
Don't forget to switch off when you have finished. 做完之后别忘了关掉。
Put the book back when you have done with it. 你读完这本书时把它放回原处。
Stay in the house until the danger has passed. 躲在家里,直到危险过后再出来。
I'm very busy just now; wait until things have eased up a little. 我现在非常忙,等事情缓一缓再说。
Don't drink the water until it has been cooled. 直到水冷了之后再喝。
2. 此外,在以上各个从句中,我们可以用一般现在时代替现在完成时,意思差别不大。
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