He hopes the book is more universal than it appears on the cover.(原句)
He hopes the book is more universal than appears on the cover.(省略it)
Tom sings better than he dances
是否也能改为Tom sings better than dances?
相关参考:
He hopes the book is more universal than it appears on the cover.(正)
He hopes the book is more universal than appears on the cover.(误)
原因是:如果把than 看作appears 的主语,那么,appeaers 就缺少表语。因此,需要在than 后添加主语it;因为than 不能既当主语,又当表语。
一、在than 从句中,只有在谓语完整的情况下,than 才可以充当从句的主语。
例如:
He never says more than is necessary.
他从不多说没有必要的话。(他从不说废话)
He often eats more than is good for his health.
他常常吃的饭量多于对身体有益的量。
The family spent more than is prudent or necessary.
该家庭花钱过多,超过了必要的限度。
It is not wise to be wiser than is necessary.
聪明过了头,就是不聪明。
The man drank a little more than was good for him.
那个人酒喝得过了量。
Always do more than is required of you.
凡事永远要超要求完成。
He offered more information than is needed.
他提供了多余的信息。
二、如果谓语部分缺少成分,than 就充当缺少的成分,这时,than 句需要另有主语。
例如:
The reality may be far brighter than it looks.
实际情况也许要比看上去的要光明得多。
All in all, he's more learned than he was ten years ago.
总的说来,他比10年前更有学问了。
Tom writes English better than John does(writes).
汤姆英语的书写比约翰好。
The question is more complicated than it appears on the surface.
这个问题比表面看上去要复杂得多。
三、如果比较的是完全不同的内容,than 就是从属连词,后面的句子是完整的。
例如:
Tom writes English better than he speaks it.
汤姆的英文写的比说的好。
We had no sooner left the village than it began to rain.
我们刚离开村子,天就下起雨来了。
(字面意思是:我们离开村庄的时间不早于天下雨。但是,因为主句使用了过去完成时,仍然表明离开早于下雨。)
than 的作用,除了表示“比较”意义外,就是充当和补足从句中缺少的成分。
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这位网友很有趣,用我自己的句子难为我。
He hopes the book is more universal than it appears on the cover.(原句)
He hopes the book is more universal than appears on the cover.(省略it)
类似于这两个句子的例句(即appears为从句的谓语动词,主语it可以省略也可不省略,语料库都有大量例句。因此肯定是可以省略主语的。注意主句的主语为单数,从句的it为人称代词指代单数主语(相同的主语),因此可以省略。
但注意下一个句子中的it是错误,从句的主语是复数,it不是和主句相同的主语,而是从句的形式主语it。真正主语从句(that从句)表示和主句相同的内容,可以省略,形式主语it就没有存在的道理。故为错误。
The difficulties are even greater than appears at first sight.
The difficulties are even greater than it appears that they are at first sight.
但Tom sings better than he dances. 这个句子是否可以省略从句主语he,我还真没有在语法书上见过类似省略主语的例句。根据我对比较分句的理解,我觉得应该是可以省略的。不过目前没有令人信服的权威例句可以证明这一点。暂时认为可以,再打个问号,留一点质疑。在没有十分把握之前,最好不要省略。我会继续寻找证据,确认究竟可以还是不可以。
Huddleston的剑桥语法关于从句保留谓语动词而省略主语的条件,但似乎和这个句子有所不同,不适用于这里。
Restriction on omission of subject
In clauses where the verb is retained, the subject can be omitted only when it is the counterpart of the comparative phrase or is understood as an embedded clause.
大意为:关于比较分句省略主语的限制
比较分句如果保留谓语动词,只有在下列二种情况下才可以省略主语:1 主语是主句比较短语的对应项;2 主语被理解为是个嵌入分句。例如:
More people came than were expected. 从句省略的主语是主句比较短语More people的对应项。
They finished the job earlier than had been expected. 省略的主语为形式主语it,真正主语是一个主语从句that they would finish the job. 但同时强调,如果that从句省略,it必须同时省略。因此认为下句加了主语it为错句:
They finished the job earlier than it had been expected.
He worked harder than worked/did before. 错误。要么连动词一起省略,要么不省略主语。
其实这里说到的这两种主语的省略都是必须的,而不是选择性的。和我们讨论的句子Tom sings better than he dances.有所不同。
以下是一些主语和谓语是否可以省略的情况,供参考。
The swimming pool is as deep as it is wide. 形容词作表语(与主句表语不同的形容词),不能省略it is。
The house is much taller than it is wide. 不可省略it is.
He seems to play better drunk than (he does) sober. 不同于主句的形容词作状语可以省略从句中相同的主语和谓语动词。
She is a better psycologist than (she is) (a) pathologist. 表语为名词则可省略she is.
It is hotter than just warm.
She is wiser than merely clever.
以上两句为同一比较尺度上的两个点的比较。此时than用如介词,不能扩展为从句。
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