请分析下面句子成分,并解释最高级前的 the:
The closest that Herpin came to resting was to sit in a rocking chair and read some newspapers.
The closest that Herpin came to resting was to sit in a rocking chair and read some newspapers.
【翻译】埃尔潘最喜欢的休息方式,是坐在摇椅上读报纸。
以下是我对本句的分析:
1. 该句的难点是主语部分,也就是was 之前的成分:The closest that Herpin came to resting。句子的核心词组是:come close to doing 意为“接近做某事”,引申为“趋向做某事”,“喜欢做某事”。close 使用了最高级形式,所以,come the closest to doing :意为“最愿意做某事”。
2. that Herpin came to resting 是定语从句,修饰the closest,that 是关系副词。
3. 本句中,the 是“副词”用法,用于最高级前,表示“达到相应程度”(to a certain degree)。在副词的最高级前the 不是“必具性的”,也就是说,它可以省略。
4. 但是,由于本句的the closest 后面跟了定语从句,它被当作名词使用,作了句子的主语,所以,the 不可以省略。
5. 从本句的定语从句可以看出,传统语法书中讲的定语从句,被修饰的先行词仅限于“人,物,时间,地点”,这些概念往往属于名词范畴,没有涉及作状语的“方式副词”。看来,被定语从句修饰的先行词应该更加多样,范围更广,不仅限于“人,物,时间,地点”。语法书需要增加这一条规则。
6. 再分析两个类似的例句:
The system seems to be working the most efficiently that it has ever worked.
【分析】
(1)that it has ever worked 是定语从句,that 是关系副词,修饰方式副词efficiently,也就是说,efficiently 是先行词,the most efficiently 是最高级形式。
(2)修饰副词的定语从句,关系副词用that不用which,而且that可以省略。
(3)the most efficiently 中的the不可省略,因为它被定语从句修饰和限定,要特指。
【翻译】看来,该系统这次似乎是运行以来最有效的了。含义是:这个系统运行一直有效,这次似乎看起来最有效。
The earliest we arrived there was about three days later.
本句中的we arrive there 是定语从句,先行词是the earliest,省略了关系副词when或that。the earliest 应理解为名词,相当于the earliest time,因为它作了句子的主语。
【翻译】我们抵达那儿的最早时间,大约是在三天后。
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谢谢曹老师出题,我试着分析,如有不妥和错误,请指正!
The closest that Herpin came to resting was to sit in a rocking chair and read some newspapers.
基本结构:The closest was to sit…
1. The closest——主语。这里的 the 是副词(曹老师在前面一个问题已有分析),这里涉及的一个固定搭配 come close to(接近),为了强调,故用了最高级。
2. that Herpin came to resting——定语从句,修饰the closest。
3. was——系动词。
4. to sit in a rocking chair and read some newspapers——不定式作表语。
即:The closest [that Herpin came to resting] was [to sit in a rocking chair and read some newspapers].
句意:Herpin 最接近休息的状态就是坐在摇椅上看报纸。