大致可以这样考虑:
1. 非谓语作状语,放在句首时应加逗号,表示停顿。例如:
To learn more about it, you...
Knowing what to do, he...
Given more time, I...
2. 不定式放在句末时,之前不加逗号。例如:
Old and young dropped in to help us with the work.
老老少少都跑来帮我们的忙。
3. 分词放在句末,一般情况之前要加逗号,这要视前面句子的长短而定。原则上,前面句子较长时,为了停顿,需要加逗号。例如:
Many young farmers hunted around from city to city, hoping to get good jobs.
许多年轻的农民从一个城市到另一个城市,希望得到好工作。
较短时可以不加逗号, 例如:She sat there reading a book.
4. 单个的分词放在句中不加逗号,如:He came running to the classroom.
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同意刘老师解答。我补充一点,非谓语动词作插入语,需要有逗号隔开。
(1)分词短语作插入语。
Judging from your accent, you must be from England.
Generally speaking, he is the best student in our class.
Compared with China, the USA is smaller.
(2)不定式短语作插入语。
To put it mildly, he was not up to the mark.
To tell you the truth, I don't want to see her.
To be sure, Jim is a faster skater, but he is not good at doing figures.
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