1 否定的特殊形式(用no与用not的区别)

In crowded cities like London, Birmingham or Manchester, road conditions are so chaotic that both driver and pedestrian often endanger lives through no fault of their own.

 

请问老师,原句的意思是“司机和行人处于生命危险的原因不是自己的错误”是吗?通常我们是在谓语动词前添加not。句中的这种否定,通常什么情况下用?


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最佳答案 2017-10-28 12:26

no+名词这种否定形式叫作名词否定句。例如

I have no money.= I don't have any money.

I will do it by no means. = I will not do it by any means. 

通常名词否定句的语气更为强烈一些,更书面语一些。

本来endanger lives through no fault of their own可以改为don't often endanger lives through their fault或者don't often endanger lives through any fault ot their own。但由于主语是both...and...并列的主语,如果采用动词否定,而both为总括词(全称词),含有总括词的句子使用not否定,即使在形式上否定的是谓语动词,在意义上通常也是否定总括词both,即“不是二者都。。。”。为了避免这种可能产生的歧义,作者采用了名词否定的形式。

Both of them are not doctors. 他们二人都不是医生(错)。他们二人并非都是医生。(正确)

Neither of them is a doctor. 他们二人都不是医生。

Both of them don't have money. 他们二人并非都没有钱。

Both of them have no money. 他们二人都没有钱。

Neither of them has money. 他们二人都没有钱。

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其它 2 个回答

刘永科   - 教育出版集团英语总顾问 & 英语系列图书主编
擅长:语法理论,语言学,文化背景

【答】through no fault of one’s own:现在已成为固定的“英语习语”,意为“不是因为自己的过失”,这个短语一般不可随意改动。又如:

The accident happened through no fault of mine

出了这一事故并非我的过错。

They became unemployed through no fault of their own

他们的失业不是由于自身的过失造成的。

Through no fault of her own she lost her job. 

不是由于她自己的过错,她却失去了工作。

He was put into prison through no fault of his own

他没有任何罪过被关进监狱。

Many people live in poverty through no fault of their own. 

很多人生活贫困并非他们自己有什么过错。

其实,在介词之后接no 的用法,是比较常见的。介词+ no +名词,基本上都是英语的“成语”。

At no time has he said such words.

他在任何时候都没有说过这种话。

It's all ready. And I'll get you something to eat in no time.

都准备好了,我马上给你们弄点吃的。

I will reveal your secret in no case.

我决不会泄漏你的秘密。

In fact, he is in no way honest.

其实他一点儿也不老实。

Their wages were reduced or held up for no reason.

他们的工资被毫无道理地降低或扣发。

We must under no circumstances give up halfway.

我们绝不能半途而废。

You must on no condition tell him what happened.

你决不能把发生的事情告诉他。

此外,with no 可以转换成 without:with + no + 名词 =  without + any + 名词

A cat with no tail is an anomaly.

没尾巴的猫是一只畸形猫。

She sailed through the difficult examination with no mistakes.

他轻易地通过了那次很难的考试,没有什么差错。

This wood burns steadily with no sparking.

这木柴长时间燃烧正常,不爆火花。

The money was lent to us with no strings attached.

这些钱借给我们是无附带任何条件的。

He was left alone, with no one to look after him.

留下他孤苦伶仃一个人,没人照顾。

no 是修饰名词的,not是修饰动词或其他词类的,no = not any,例如:

She has no friends

She does not have any friends.

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陈才   - 英语教师
擅长:中考英语,词法问题

同意两位老师解答

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  • cute 提出于 2017-10-11 19:49

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