In Paris President Emmanuel Macron made a lengthy speech calling for an ambitious new programme of European integration that he said would take until 2024 to complete.

【翻译】在巴黎，马克龙总统发表了一份长篇演讲，呼吁建立一个宏伟的欧洲一体化计划，他说（该计划）要到2024年才能完成。

【分析】he said 是插入语，为了理解方便可去掉：In Paris President Emmanuel Macron made a lengthy speech calling for an ambitious new programme of European integration that would take until 2024 to complete.

1. that would take until 2024 to complete 是定语从句，修饰programme。

2. take是“花费”之意，宾语是：until 2024（这是省略说法，相当于“从现在到2024年这段时间”the time form now till 2024）。

3. 与句子没有关系或关系不大、独立于句子之外的成分称为插入语。

This is the good chance, I think, that you can win.我认为这是你能赢的最好机会。

I can't make it Friday, I'm afraid.恐怕星期五不行。

常用的句子类插入语有：

    I think 我认为       I believe 我相信    I say 我说

    I'm afraid 恐怕      do you think/believe/suppose 你认为  

再举一些插入语的例句：

My legs are so cold that I think they are ice. 

我的腿是如此的冷以至于我以为他们是冰冻。

She has made so many passes at me recently that I think it necessary to freeze her off. 

最近她多次向我抛送秋波，我觉得有必要疏远她。

（以上两个例句中I think 不是插入语，所选例句有误。第一句在I think 之后they are ice 是宾语从句，第二句I think 之后it necessary 是复合宾语。特此说明！）

He picked on two of her statements which he said were untrue. 

他从她的话中挑出了两处他认为不真实的地方。

There are many speckles on the back of grandpa's hands, which he says are the signs of old age. 

爷爷的手背上有许多寿斑，他总说这是老了的标志。