1 appear to have done 和appear to do 的区别

原句:A desire to sell gold appeared to have been worsened by thinking that concerns about the Greek economy have somewhat eased.

 

此句中可以用appear to be 吗?Appear to have done 和appear to do 有何区别?谢谢老师精彩解答。


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最佳答案 2017-09-16 17:30

A desire to sell gold appeared to have been worsened by thinking that concerns about the Greek economy have somewhat eased.

【答】你的问题涉及两个方面:

一、“不定式的三式”问题:动词不定式的一般式、进行式、完成式。

二、 thinking之后的that 从句问题。

现在逐一解答:

一、“不定式的三式”问题:动词不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式三种表现形式:to do/to be doing/to have done。这三种形式反映了不定式与谓语动词发生的时间先后关系,分解如下:

1. 一般式:It seems/appears to rain this afternoon.

一般式往往表示其动作在谓语动词之后发生。例句说明,“今天下午看起来要下雨。” rain应在seem/appear之后发生。

2. 进行式:It seems/appears to be raining now outside.

进行式往往表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生。例句说明,“现在外面好像正在下雨。”(指在室内听见外面有下雨的声音或迹象), rain 和seem/appear同时发生。

3. 完成式:It seems/appears to have rained last night.

完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。例句说明,“昨晚好像下了雨。”(指早晨起床后发现地面潮湿,有下雨的迹象,才做出如此判断), rain 发生在seem/appear之前。

所以,have been worsened 发生在appeared 之前。翻译:似乎已经...

二、 thinking 之后的that 从句问题。that是连词,引导宾语从句,that之后的句子很完整。concerns about the Greek economy(主语,concerns 是名词) have somewhat eased(谓语).

整个句子的主干是:

1. A desire to do sth. appears to have been worsened by sth. 分解如下:

(1)A desire to do sth. 做某事的意愿

(2)appears to have been worsened 似乎已变得更加强烈

(3)by sth.由于某事

句子主干的意思是:由于某事,做某事的意愿似乎已变得更加强烈。

2. by sth. 即:by thinking that concerns about the Greek economy have somewhat eased.

thinking 是动名词,作by 的宾语;that 引导think 的宾语从句,可以省略。concerns 是名词,concerns about the Greek economy (对希腊经济的担忧)是从句的主语,have somewhat eased (已有所缓解)是谓语。

【翻译】本句可以这样翻译:

(1)考虑到对希腊经济的担忧有所缓解,出售黄金的愿望似乎有所变强。

(2)由于人们认为对希腊经济的担忧有所缓解,抛售黄金的愿望似乎进一步加强。

(3)因为投资者认为对希腊经济的担忧已得到了一定的缓解,所以出售黄金的意愿似乎更加强烈。

 


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其它 1 个回答

曹荣禄  
擅长:动词用法,句法问题

A desire to sell gold appeared to have been worsened by thinking that concerns about the Greek economy have somewhat eased.

先看下面的句子:

It appeared that a desire to sell gold had been worsened by thinking that concerns about the Greek economy have somewhat eased.

appear意为“外部表象显示出某种特征”。had been worsened加剧这个事件是在appeared之前发生并结束的,因此appear用一般过去时,be worsened用过去完成时表示这种时间关系。当that从句的主语a desire to sell gold提升为主句的主语,appeared作为谓语时,从句的谓语改为不定式与appeared构成合成谓语。由于be worsened的时间先于谓语时间已经发生,不定式必须用完成体to have been worsened。如果用to be worsened不定式的一般体,则意味着不定式的动作在谓语时间还没有发生。这与原句的逻辑不符。因此不定式不能用一般体。(静态动词的不定式to do与谓语时间总是同时的,与此句无关故略。)

本句中的that是从属连词引导thinking后的宾语从句,从句的主语是concerns about Greek economy。

译文:经济学家对希腊经济的担忧已经有所减缓,这种观点似乎加剧了人们抛售黄金的意图。

更多的对比参考:

It appears that he likes you. He appears to like you. (like为静态动词)

It appears that he has left. He appears to have left. (leave这个动作发生于谓语时间之前)

It appears that he is tired. He appears (to be) tired. (系词to be可以省略)

It appears that he is writing a book. He appears to be writiing a book. (write与谓语时间同时)

It appears that he is coming tomorrow. He appears to be coming tomorrow. (不定式的进行体表示将来,但这个计划似乎现在已经有了)

It appears that he goes to work by bus. He appears to go to work by bus. (不定式表示谓语时间的习惯性事件,为静态意义)

通常appear to do中的不定式不用来表示将来的一次性事件。因为将来的事件在现在没有外部迹象显现,不能用appear。

 

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