过去完成进行时态

【1】过去完成进行时的定义理解：

表示一个动作从过去某时(A)开始，一直延续到另一个过去(B)时刻，到那个(B)时刻，该动作可能刚刚终止，也有可能还在继续。

(A时间是离现在较久远的过去时间，B是离现在较近的过去时间， A过去时间在句子不体现出来，B 时间在句子体现出来，属于动作截止时间/参照时间.)

A:刚刚终止(结束性用法)

We had been waiting for him for about an hour by the time he came.

当他来的时候，我们等他有一个小时了。(动作刚刚终止)

I had been looking for it for days before I found it.

这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.

他们只等了一会儿车就来了。

How long had it been raining after he left home?

在他离开家后，雨下了有多长时间了？(动作可能还在进行)

He had been living here before he went to Shanghai.

I had been waiting here for an hour before she called me in.

The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before it was answered.

She couldn’t walk any further. She had been walking the whole day.

B未终止/未结束（持续性用法）

By the end of last month they had been working here for about ten days.

到上个月为止，他们在这里工作大约有十天了。

She said that she had been listening to radio after school.

她说她放学后一直在听收音机。

by the end of +过去的时间，后面句子使用过去完成时态 had done sth

by the end of +将来的时间，后面句子使用将来完成时态will have done sth

She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.（仍继续）

She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour. (不再继续）

过去完成进行时是在过去完成时的基础上发展而来的：从“过去”到了“过去”的某条截止线，这是过去完成时；到了截止线后，动作，行为还在进行着，这是过去进行时，两者合二为一便形成过去完成进行时。

————过去的过去————过去（参照点）————现在————→

动作到了参照点后，还在继续，则为过去完成进行时态。

He had been working in the garden for almost two hours when his wife came out to help him .

当妻子出来帮他时，他已经在菜园里工作了差不多两个小时了。

【解析】“妻子出来帮忙”已是过去，在此之前，他在菜园里干了差不多2小时的活，这是过去完成时，妻子出来时他还在干着活，这是过去进行时，2者合并，形成过去完成进行时。

They had been aruging for 20 minutes when their boss came to stop them.

老板前来制止他们是，他们已经争论了20分钟了。

【解析】立足：“现在”看老板制止，已经为过去，在此之前，他们争论20分钟，老板到来时他们还在争论着，2者合一便锁定全部争论行为需要的用过去完成进行时。

How long had the fight been going on before the police arrived?

警察赶来之前，打斗持续了多久？

【解析】警察赶到时截止线，在此之前打斗一直持续，且警察赶到时，打斗仍在进行着，因此用过去完成进行时。

We had been watching the football match for nearly one hour when it began to rain.

天开始下雨时，我们已经观看足球接近1个小时了。

【解析】天开始下雨时截止线，之前一直观看，开始下雨的时候，我们还在观看。

过去完成进行时表示持续到过去某个时间时，这个动作仍在进行的一种状态。(可算是现在完成进行时的过去式)：

The ground was wet. It had been raining. 

地是湿的。此前一直在下雨。

At last the bus came. I had been waiting for half an hour. 

最后公共汽车来了，我已等了半小时。

She was out of breath. She had been running. 

I had been looking for it for days before I found it.

这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.

他们只等了一会儿车就来了。

【2】过去完成进行时、结构形式

过去完成进行时由“had been+现在分词”构成，因此无人称变化。

过去完成进行时表示持续到过去某时的一个动作(可算是现在完成进行时的过去式)：

The ground was wet. It had been raining. 

地是湿的。此前一直在下雨。

At last the bus came. I had been waiting for half an hour. 

最后公共汽车来了，我已等了半小时。

She was out of breath. She had been running. 

她气喘吁吁，她一直在跑来着。

He gave up smoking last year. He’d been smoking for twenty years. 

去年他戒烟了。他抽烟已经二十年。

She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.
她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
Had they been expecting the news for some time?
他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧？
Rafael was scolded even though he hadn't been doing anything wrong.
 尽管拉斐尔没做什么错事，但他还是挨骂了。
 备注①：过去时间可用一个时间状语从句/单词/短语表示：

When I first met her, she had been working in the company for ten years. （持续性用法）

我第一次见到她时，她在那家公司已工作十年了。

I had not been waiting long when a taxi drew up. （影响性用法）

我没等多久就来了一辆出租车。

She had been looking at the parcel for some time before she realized that it was for her mother. 

这包裹她看了好一会儿才明白这是寄给她妈的。

Until/Up till then she had been living with her daughter. 

到那时为止她一直和她女儿一起住。

备注②： 但在更多情况下过去时间由另一句子表示出来，毋需加上时间状语：

Her eyes were red. It was obvious that she had been crying. 

她眼睛红红的，显然她是哭了。

Jane was annoyed. Peter had been phoning her every night. 

简很不高兴。彼得一直每晚给打电话。

He was very tired. He had been working all day. 

他很累。他干了一整天活。

She couldn’t understand him. She hadn’t been learning English long. 

她不懂他的话。她学语的时间还不长。

I woke up—I had been having a bad dream. 

我醒了，我做了个恶梦。

She was very tired. She had been typing letters all day. 

她很累了。她整天都在打信件。

Her eyes were red. It was obvious she had been crying. 

她的眼睛红了，显然她刚哭过。

We had been doing business with each other for years before we quarrelled. 

在吵翻之前，我们多年来在业务上一直来往。

When I first met Ann, she had been working for Exxon for 15 years. 

我第一次遇到安的时候，她已在埃克森公司干了15年了。

Jenny was annoyed. Jim had been phoning her every night for a whole week. 

詹妮生气了。整整一星期，吉姆天天晚上都给她打电话。

When I saw the mess my paper was in, it was obvious that someone  _______ it.

A.was reading   B.had read   C.had been reading   D.read

【答】“过去完成时”：用来表示在过去某一时间之前或某一动作之前已完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。这个过去的时刻常用by, before 等介词短语或时间状语从句来表示，也可从一个表示过去的动作或上下文中得到提示，也就是我们常说的“参照物”A，那么，动作B发生在参照物A之前：

A: my paper was in a mess 我的论文乱成一团（一般过去时）

B: someone had read it 有人读过它（过去完成时）

▲下面，我给你提供结20个例句，请仔细体会“过去完成时”的用法，为什么使用“过去完成时”？如果改用一般过去时的话，句中两个动作孰先孰后？句子的意思还能不能看懂？（个别句子可以改用一般过去时，但都是能通过明确的时间状语，分出动作的先后。）

1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

2. The children ran away because they had broken the window.

2. By the time he was twenty, he had written five novels.

3. How many English songs had you learnt by the end of last term?

4. As soon as the sun had set, we returned to our hotel.

5. How long had Brown lived in the south before he came here?

6. When he had eaten his lunch he asked for a glass of water.

7. I hadn’t understood the problem until the teacher explained it.

8. They had just got home when it began to rain.

9. I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.

10. He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.

11. Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine

12. I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.

13. I returned the book that I had borrowed.

14. I met Tom yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.

15. I thought I had sent the letter a week before.

16. When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.

17. We had hoped to be able to come and see you, but you were not at home.

18. It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.

19. We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

20. They had planted six hundred trees by last Wednesday.