This module initiates and facilitates communication with a customer's smartphone the moment it's within range, and should said customer accept the connection, it can be set up to automatically connect in the future.
老师好,我对这句话中的should said customer accept the connection,… 有疑惑。请问这里是 should提前,倒装从句,并省略了it is 吗?
原句是 and should it is said (that) customer accept the connection,... 或 and if it is said (that) customer should accept the connection,... 吗?
This module initiates and facilitates communication with a customer's smartphone the moment it's within range, and should said customer accept the connection, it can be set up to automatically connect in the future.
【答】and 是连词,不需分析。只分析这句话:should said customer accept the connection, it can be set up to automatically connect in the future.
这是个倒装句,但不是省略了it is。
请注意以下几个问题,我分别详细解答如下:
一、这是一个省略了if 的倒装句。正常语序为:
If said customer should accept the connection, it can be set up to automatically connect in the future.
二、这里的should 是情态动词,用在条件从句中,表示事件发生的可能性,意为“将要;假定要;可能要”。特别说明,这时should不表示虚拟语气,因此,主句也同样使用陈述语气。《柯林斯词典》对此的解释:You use should in conditional clauses when you are talking about things that might happen.
对此,我搜集了以下几个例句:
1. If you should be fired, your health and pension benefits will not be automatically cut off. 如果你被解雇,你的医疗和养老保险金不会自动中断。
2. If it should rain tomorrow, I shall stay at home. 明天下雨我就呆在家里不出去。
3. I don’t think it will happen, but if it should happen what shall we do? 我认为那件事不会发生,但如果真的发生,我们该怎么办?
4. If he should need this instrument, he may use it. 如果他万一需要这个仪器,他可以使用它。
5. If he should fail to do the work, you may ask John to go there in his place. 万一他不能做那工作,你们就叫约翰代替他。
6. If you should feel worse, please call our nurses at the Triage immediately. 如果您觉得身体不佳,请立即打电话给我们的护士。
三、在比较正式的文体中,上述各句都可以省却if,把should 提至主语之前,变成倒装语序。这种倒装现象,跟虚拟语气的倒装是一个道理(见:http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/201305/3283.html)。例如:
1. If you should be fired, your health and pension benefits will not be automatically cut off.
→ Should you be fired, your health and pension benefits will not be automatically cut off.
2. If it should rain tomorrow, I shall stay at home.
→ Should it rain tomorrow, I shall stay at home.
3. I don’t think it will happen, but if it should happen what shall we do?
→ I don’t think it will happen, but should it happen what shall we do?
4. If he should need this instrument, he may use it.
→ Should he need this instrument, he may use it.
5. If he should fail to do the work, you may ask John to go there in his place.
→ Should he fail to do the work, you may ask John to go there in his place.
6. If you should feel worse, please call our nurses at the Triage immediately.
→ Should you feel worse, please call our nurses at the Triage immediately.
四、said 在本句是分词形容词,意为“上述的;该”,不能翻译为“说”。 said customer意为“上述客户;该客户”。不过我觉得,原句漏掉了the,应为:the said customer。
整个句子重新调整修改如下:
If the said customer should accept the connection, it can be set up to automatically connect in the future.
【翻译】如果上述客户接受入网连接协议,那么该客户就可以设置为在将来自动连接。
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这是一个主语—助动词倒装结构(“部分倒装”),should said customer accept the connection放成正常语序是if the said customer should accept the connection。
said customer中的said是“前文提及到的”之意,作定语。
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有一点希望英语学习者注意,就是不能轻易使用“省略”这个术语。例如Jason Merchant就说:“几个世纪前凡是似乎有词缺少的现象,都称为‘省略’,而今天这个术语只用来描述少数几种特定的结构”。(Ellipsis: A survey of analytical approaches,收录于A Handbook of Ellipsis书中)
省略的作用是避免重复或冗余,所以省略掉的东西必须是从上下文能明确推断出来的。因此动词等在语义中起关键作用的成分是极少省略的,一般只有并列结构中会省略动词。
那么,遇到陌生的结构时,应当首先考虑常见的词的不常见含义,而不是立刻试图在词之间填入新东西。按照这个原则我们来看看这个部分
should said customer accept the connection
看见动词should,首先想它的主语在哪里。任何句子都有主语,主语的省略只在口语中才存在:It is hard to convince him. → Hard to convince him!
should的前面是and,主语不在前面就肯定在后面。那么什么结构中主语放到助动词后面呢?我们马上联想到疑问句结构:Should I go to the hospital?
我们知道should后面的中心动词必须是原形,那么与上面的go对应的肯定不是said,所以肯定是accept。那么类比可知,should和accept之间的东西肯定是主语,所以主语是said customer。said肯定不是名词,所以它必然起修饰作用。那么said能不能起修饰作用呢?进一步查词典可知,said可以作形容词:
Used in legal language or humorously to refer to someone or something already mentioned or named.
那么这个结构就分析完了。我希望这一段话有助于您将来应对各种各样罕见的英语结构。
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作为进一步的例子,考虑《瓦尔登湖》中下面这个罕见的结构:(注:这是中古英语结构,现代英语不再使用)
The rest pay an annual tax for this outside garment of all, become indispensable summer and winter, which would buy a village of Indian wigwams, but now helps to keep them poor as long as they live.
问:这里的become indispensable summer and winter是什么结构?起什么作用?
第一步,看见become,考虑become的主语是谁。从句子结构看,它要么是the rest,要么是this outside garment。indispensable是不可或缺的意思,所以它肯定是东西,不是人,那么肯定是garment。
第二步,寻找相似结构。这里要先判断become是原形还是过去分词。如果是原形,那么这个结构就是一个不定式。但是不带to的不定式是非常少的,至少它不会用作状语和修饰语。但是如果它是过去分词,那么我们马上想到过去分词引导的分句是可以作修饰语的:the book written by him.
第三步,查词典。现代英语中的过去分词分句一般表达的都是被动:由他写出来的书。而这里become表达的显然不是被动:这些装饰被变得必不可少;而是表达完成时:这些装饰已经变得必不可少。
但是我们查一查中古语法会发现,过去分词分句在那时候是可以用来表达完成时的。事实上《瓦尔登湖》中就另外有一个例句:Unfortunately I am become somewhat callous.(我已经变得有些冷漠了)
那么这个结构就分析完了。