▲网络词典《牛津高阶第八版》Oxford Learner's Dictionaries 在 same 词条下解释“同样的”这个意义时有这样一个例句:
She was wearing the same dress that I had on.
▲从逻辑上讲,以及从主句和从句的谓语时态来看,二人不可能穿同一条裙子。因此这个句子的语义毫无疑问是二人穿着同样的裙子。
▲我们在学语法的时候,语法书告诉我们,当先行词被 the same 修饰时,如果 the same 表示“同样的”的意思时,定语从句由 as 引导;如果 the same 表示“同一个”的意思时,定语从句由 that 引导。但上述词典例句中的 the same 显然是“同样的”的意思,从句却由 that 引导。
▲我们知道关系代词是指代词,不是替代词,即关系代词和先行词应该共指同一个人或者事物。但例句中的关系代词 that 和先行词 the dress 并非同一个事物,这违背了关系代词的使用原则。因此我认为这个例句中 that 的使用有误,应该改为as.
▲究竟是词典错了,还是现代英语发展到对 as 和 that 不作细致区分了?请老师们就此问题发表看法。
在《现代英汉综合大词典》上,我找到了一个十分相似的句子:
He was wearing the same shirt ( that ) he'd on the day before.
他穿的那件衬衫,是他前一天穿过的同一件衬衫。
——这个句子指:同一个人,在不同时间,穿同一件衬衫。
可是,She was wearing the same dress that I had on.这个句子,是两个人穿同一件裙子。现在的问题是,只要在不同的时间里穿,就能讲得通。
假定这句话没有错误,那么,只能这样理解:
(那天)她穿着我曾穿过的同一条裙子。
【说明】括号里面指可能的时间;蓝色部分以区别不同时间发生的动作。
如果觉得我的回答对您有用,请随意打赏。你的支持将鼓励我继续创作!
英语语法网上有一篇文章在谈到这个问题时,说得比较客观。摘录如下(供参考):
一般说来,用as表示同类物,用that表示同一物。如:
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这钢笔与我昨天丢失的一模一样。
This is the same (=the very) pen that I lost yesterday. 这正是我昨天丢失的那枝钢笔。
但以上区别只是大致的,在实际运用中,两者常可混用(尤其是当它们在所引导的定语从中作宾语时)。如:
Meet me at the same place as you did yesterday. 你我在昨天见面的老地方碰头。
He uses the same book as [that] you do. 他用的书与你的一样。
http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/201102/1955.html
如果觉得我的回答对您有用,请随意打赏。你的支持将鼓励我继续创作!
She was wearing the same dress that I had on(同类同物)
如果是同一时间就需要改为关系代词引导定语从句。
She was wearing the same dress as I had on.(同类异物)
解答如下:
such+名词+关系代词as/that引导定语从句可以互换情况只能是“表示抽象意义名词”时
I have the same opinion as /that you have.
理解(1)以上句子可以理解为:她穿着我之前穿过那件衣服。衣服属于“同类同物,即同一件衣服,只是2个人所穿时间不同。
理解(2)以上句子为错误使用关系代词that,应该改为as即同类不同物体。
【1】在so/such...that...引导的结果状语从句中,that不作任何成分,只起引导作用。要注意区别这两种不同的结构。
They had such a fierce dog that no one dared to go near their house. 他们家有一条凶狗,没人敢靠近他们家。
(that引导结果状语从句,在句中不作成分)
【2】the same后有时用that,它表示“同一个,就是那一个”的意思,即同类同物;而as则表示“与……一样”,但不是同一个,即同类异物
This is the same cell phone that I lost yesterday.
这就是我昨天丢的那部手机。
This is the same cell phone as I lost yesterday.
这是与我昨天丢的相同的一部手机。
He is not such a person as you think .(定语从句)
They had such a fierce dog as I had never seen.(定语从句)
This is the same book that I lost yesterday .(同类同物)
这就是我昨天丢失的那一本书.
This is the same book as I lost yesterday (同类异物)
这与我昨天丢失的那本书一样.
I bought the same dictionary as you borrowed.(同一类的2本字典)
I met the same person that I saw yesterday.(同一个人)
We have found such materials as are used in their factory(定语从句)
These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected(定语从句)
He is not the same man as he was (定语从句)
【3】但是在抽象名词,同类事物没有绝对区别,因此as/that可以换用.
I have the same opinion as /that you have.
如果觉得我的回答对您有用,请随意打赏。你的支持将鼓励我继续创作!
当先行词被 the same 修饰时,如果 the same 表示“同样的”的意思时,定语从句由 as 引导,也可以用 that 引导。例如:
1. She was wearing the same dress that I had on.她穿的连衣裙和我穿的一样。(摘自商务印书馆和牛津大学出版社出版的《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第8版)
2. He had the same stare that the rest of the marines had.他的目光与其他海军陆战队士兵的一样。 (摘自《外教社.柯林斯高级英语用法词典》)
《英美语惯用法辞典》指出:“实际上,有时候表示同一事物也用 the same ... as,表示同类事物也用 the same ... that :She realized ... that to him too she was just tha same as she had ever been.她体会到......,对他来说,她自己也还是从前的自己。 / I was the same sort of man that he was.我和他是同一类型的人。”
其实,英语国家出版的词典对 the same ... as 和 the same ... that 的用法也有不同的看法。例如:G.O.Curme, A Grammar of the English Language (Parts of Speech and Accidence (Syntax)(New York); English Grammar (New York)指出,“无论表示同一事物,还是表示同类事物,现在大多都用that, who, which”。然而,The Oxford English Dictionary ( = A New English Dictionary ) (Oxford)指出:“ the same 接 as 是现在最普遍的结构。”
【建议】参加考试时,最好按照教科书的说明使用 the same ... as 和 the same ... that ,一般情况是:用 the same ... as 表示同类事物或人;用 the same ... that 表示同一事物或人。