刘老师从词典和英美报刊发现如下例句:
A close friend of mine from China has become a Singapore citizen for some years.
She has become a teacher since 1990. (自从1990年以来她就一直当老师。)
句子可能的含义是:She became a teacher in 1990 and has been a teacher since then.
如果这种解释成立的话,那么终结性动词不能和持续性状语连用的语法规则就名存实亡了,因为几乎对所有情况我们都可以做出类似的解释。例如:
He has joined the army since 2015.
含义为:He joined the army in 2015 and has been a sodior since then.
The car has stopped there since last week/for one week.
含义为:The car stopped there last week and has been there since then/for one week.
欢迎各位老师对此问题进行分析讨论。
原相关问题参见:http://ask.yygrammar.com/q-24232.html
谢谢曹老师和刘老师出题,我来试试,不妥或错误之处,请指正!
▲对于She has become a teacher since 1990.的理解
我认为,原则上说非延续性动词不能跟since 连用,但有时有例外,比如表示“变化过程”的动词,以上问题中提到的 become 就是其中一个。以刘老师所给句子为例:
我认为原则上不能说:She has become a teacher since 1990. 自从1990年以来她就一直当老师。
如果一定要说:She has become a teacher since 1990. 那它的意思也不是“自从1990年以来她就一直当老师”,而应是“自从1990年以来她就一直变得越来越像老师”,当然这样的理解很别扭,但这不是理解的错,是因为英文句子本来就很别扭。
假若我们在 teacher 前加一个可以表示“变化”的形容词(也就是可分等级的形容词),句子就不别扭了。比如:
She has become a popular teacher since 1990. 自从1990年以来,她当老师变得越来越受欢迎了。(指一个逐渐受欢迎的过程)
如果将形容词变成为比较级,其变化的过程性就更加明显了。如:
She has become a more popular teacher since 1990. 自从1990年以来,她当老师变得越来越受欢迎了。(指一个逐渐受欢迎的过程)
▲为什么表示变化过程的become可以与since连用
become表示“变化”其实有两层意思:
一是表示变化的结果,此时为终止性动词,不能与连用since。如:
She became a bride at age 18. 她在18岁时成为新娘。
He realized his dream and became a teacher. 他如愿以偿,当上了教师。
She married an American and became a
二是表示变化的过程,即表示一个持续不断的变化过程,此时为延续性动词,可以与since连用。如:
He’s become a lot more domesticated since his marriage. 他婚后变得越来越恋家了。
She has become very bourgeois since she left college. 她离开大学后变得非常市侩了。
The trends since the 1950s have become even more marked. 20世纪50年代以来,这些趋势更加显而易见。
▲除 become 外的其他表示变化过程的动词也是如此
其实,除 become 外的其他表示变化过程的动词也是如此。如:
He’s got rather fat since I last saw him. 自从我上次见到他以来,他胖了很多。
I’ve got more untidy since I stopped going out to work. 自从不出去工作以来,我变得更加邋遢了。
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为了讨论,我再提供几个例句:
1. Rock'n'roll has become so commercialized and safe since punk.
自朋克乐之后,摇滚乐已经变得太商业化、太保守了。
来自柯林斯例句
2. Since her death, she has become a cult figure.
她死后成了部分人狂热崇拜的偶像。
来自柯林斯例句
3. The trends since the 1950s have become even more marked.
20世纪50年代以来,这些趋势更加显而易见。
来自柯林斯例句
4. She has become very sophisticated since she went to live in London.
移居伦敦后她变得世故多了。
来自《简明英汉词典》
5. Since then, the contrast between his two careers has become even more pronounced.
从那时起,他的两种职业之间的差距变得愈加明显。
来自柯林斯例句
6. He's become very high and mighty since he got that new job.
他自从得到了那份新工作后就变得神气活现。
来自辞典例句
【说明】become 跟“for + 时间段”连用的情况,比较少见。词典上尚未见到,偶尔在报刊和网络中出现过。例如:
In fact Barbie has become a household name for many years. 事实上,芭比娃娃已经成为一个家喻户晓的名字了许多年。
A close friend of mine from China has become a Singapore citizen for some years. He manages his own business and can be considered fairly successful. 我有一位来自中国的熟人,多年前已成为新加坡公民,拥有自己的公司,应当说是卓有成就了。
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我谈谈个人理解,不对之处请指正。
我觉得has become ... since 这种用法,主要出现在美国英语中,现在已经是美语的一种惯用了。在英国人看来,这是不规范的英语,尽管英国报刊也偶见这种用法。陈老师认为become后常接表示变化过程时的词,从目前所看到的资料来看,基本是这样。当然也不能完全排除其他用法。这种用法的出现可能与become 本身有关,这个词含有grow的意思。所以,英语思维中,含有延续的意思,并不一定是瞬间结束的动作。当然在考试中,或正规文体中,还应该避免这种用法。
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同意cgh007老师解答观点
(1)become当行为动词来使用时为“瞬间动词/短暂性动词”意思“成为”,不可以与接时间段一起连用。
I denied my father because I wanted to become someone else.
我和父亲断绝了关系,因为我想成为一个不一样的自己。
(2)become当作逐渐变化的系动词使用时为”持续性动词/延续动词“意思”逐渐变得..,可以与时间段连用。
The trends since the 1950s have become even more marked.
20世纪50年代以来,这些趋势更加显而易见。
备注:系动词本身就表示一种(持续的)状态,或者一种(从A状态逐渐变化到B状态)的状态过程。因此完全可以与时间段连用去表示这个变化过程的所持续时间长度。
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