前面有一个解答中,在谈到形容词作定语的后置时,提到了单个的过去分词作前置定语和后置定语的问题。比如:a stolen car = a car stolen。请问这两者有区别吗?
过去分词作后置定语,保持着动词性;做前置定语基本已经形容词化,表示动作后的一种状态。对于a stolen car和a car stolen只能理解后者强调动作性,前者强调状态,汉语翻译难以做区别。但有时候过去分词做前置定语,由于形容词化,词义也发生了改变。如:
The method used is very different. used意为”所用的“
This is a used car. used意为”旧的“
The book given to him is an English Grammar. given还是”给“的意思。
We met at given time and place. given意为”给定的、指定的“。
All parties concerned are present. concerned意为”有关的:
He sat there with a concerned look on his face. concerned意为“担忧的”
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a stolen car=a car which was stolen from someone else =一辆偷来的小汽车
a stolen car(强调状态,失去原来动词所表示动作含义,已经转化为一个分词形容词)
a car stolen (强调动作, 含有很强的动作含义,仍然具有原来动词所表示动作含义)
类似下面2个句子:
(1)The broken vase on the ground is very expensive
(2)The vase broken by Tom is very expensive.
第1个句子强调状态,第2个强调动作。
They broke free and made off in a stolen car. 他们挣脱后开着一辆偷来的车逃之夭夭。
A girl was killed yesterday in a crash involving a stolen car. 昨天有一女孩在一桩涉及窃车的撞车事故中丧生。
The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away. 抢劫银行的人坐一辆偷来的汽车逃跑了.
单个过去分词作定语一般放在前面,有时为了强调动作含义也放在后面,但是有些过去分词作前置定语和后置定语有区别:
an adopted child 收养的孩子
a plan adopted 被采纳的方案
a wanted criminal =一个受通缉的犯人=a criminal who is wanted by police
He is one of the most wanted criminals in Europe.
他是欧洲最重要的通缉犯之一。
a job wanted求职
the people present 出席的/到场/在坐的人们
What he said deeply affected the people present. 他说的话深深地感动了在场的人.
All the people present were enveloped in an atmosphere of joy. 所有在场的人都沉浸在欢乐的气氛中.
the present situation 当前的/目前的形势
The present situation is taking a turn for the better. 目前形势正在好转。
He judged the present situation badly. 他很糟糕地错估了当前形势。
He can cope with the present situation. 他能够应付当前的局势。
an involved sentence 一个复杂的句子
This is indeed an involved sentence. 这真是个复杂难懂地句子。
the people involved 有牵连的人
Soften your heart with respect to this situation, and all the people involved, including yourself. 柔软你的心,带着虔敬来看待这个情况, 和涉及其中的所有人, 包括你自己。
all parties concerned 有关各方
We have arranged the matter to the satisfaction of all parties concerned. 我们已把事情处理得使有关方面都感到满意。
Is this solution acceptable to all parties concerned? 这个解决办法有关各方是否都能接受?
This suggestion is made in the interest of all parties concerned. 这个建议是照顾各有关方面的利益而提出的。
a concerned look 焦虑的神色
He found her eyes landed on him a concerned look. 他发现她关切地注视着他。
He has a very concerned look. 他脸上露出关心的表情。
the person absent 缺席的人
The person absent today is called Tom. 今天缺席者是汤姆。
in an absent way 茫然地
“Nothing,” Rosie said in an absent way. “没什么,”罗茜心不在焉地说。
He looked at me in an absent way. 他茫然地望着我。
Why did you “answer my question in an absent way?” 为什么你回答我的问题时心不在焉?
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