1. To make himself heard, he raised his voice.
To make himself heard 是不定式短语作目的状语,he 是主语 raised 是谓语,voice是宾语,请问我这样划分句子成分有问题吗?
2. These little children are eager to learn how to play the piano.
请问这个句子成分该怎样划分?
1. To make himself heard, he raised his voice.
To make himself heard 是不定式短语作目的状语,he 是主语 raised 是谓语,voice是宾语,请问我这样划分句子成分有问题吗?
【答】完全正确,一点问题没有。
2. These little children are eager to learn how to play the piano.
请问这个句子成分该怎样划分?
【答】把are eager to learn 看作合成谓语(也叫复合谓语),把be + adj. + to do 当作句子的谓语整体看待;how to play the piano 作宾语。即:
These little children (主语)are eager to learn (谓语)how to play the piano.(宾语)
【注意】are eager to learn 这个结构,不宜拆开分析,否则会很麻烦,而且很难自圆其说。
关于这个合成谓语的问题,我谈一点自己的观点。
“be + 形容词 + do sth.”这种结构,可以分为多种类型。其中,有一种叫做“合成谓语”结构,这类结构往往表示“判断、趋向、能愿”等概念。这类句子最好不要细分,把“be + 形容词 + to do” 当作一个整体看待,叫做“合成谓语”。你的句子就属于这一类。
一、“判断类”的形容词,如:sure, certain, likely等,之后接不定式。表示说话人(不是句子的主语)对句子主语做某事的可能性判断:一定做某事,肯定做某事,可能做某事等。例如:
This weekend is certain to be enjoyable. 这个周末一定很有意思。
She is sure to pass the examination. 她一定会通过考试。
His health is likely to get worse. 他的健康可能会恶化。
二、“趋向类”的形容词,如:ready, apt, anxious, eager, curious等,之后接不定式。表示主语有做某事的倾向,或迫切做某事等概念,带有趋向性。例如:
The potatoes are ready to be dug up. 快要收获土豆了。
He is apt to get excited over trifles. 他容易为小事而激动。
These little children are eager to learn how to play the piano. 这些小孩子急于学弹钢琴。
三、“能愿类”的形容词,如:able, unable, willing, unwilling等,之后接不定式。表示主语能否、愿否做某事。例如:
I am not really willing to spend an evening there. 我其实不愿在那儿消磨一夜晚。
Are you able to sit through the play? 你能耐着性子看完戏吗?
上述三类结构,形容词与不定式构成合成谓语,不要具体细分。
【注意】上述结构,应区别于不定式作原因状语或条件状语,它们属于不同的类型:
He was frightened to see the tiger coming over.(原因状语)
He will be happy to hear the news. (条件状语)
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1. To make himself heard, he raised his voice.
To make himself heard 是不定式短语作目的状语,he 是主语 raised 是谓语,voice是宾语,
解答:你对句子成分划分完全正确
2. These little children are eager to learn how to play the piano.
句子语法结构分析如下:
主语:these little children
系动词:are
表语:eager to learn how to play the piano(形容词短语作表语)
备注:如果还要细分可以按照以下2种方案解决
A:把表语形容词后不定式分析状语。
B:把表语和形容词当作整体看待理解be eager to do
【知识拓展】特殊疑问词+不定式用法知识拓展:
不定式可以和疑问代词who, what, which及疑问副词when, how, where等连用,构成不定式短语,在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。现将这种用法归纳如下。
【一】“疑问词+动词不定式”结构有两种形式:
【1】“疑问词+to+动词原形”
I don’t know what to say. 我不知道说什么。
Can you tell me how to make a paper boat?你能告诉我怎样做一只纸船吗?
【2】“疑问词+名词+to+动词原形”
I don’t know which topic to choose. 我不知道选哪个题目。
【二】“疑问词+动词不定式”结构中的疑问词,包括疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词how, when, where等。这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语,这种结构可在句子中作以下成分:
【1】主语
Where to stay for the night is a problem. 晚上在哪儿过夜还是个问题。
Where to go is still a question. 到哪里去还是个问题。(作主语)
How to describe people is today's topic. 如何描述人物是今天的话题。
【2】宾语 (forget, find out, discuss, decide, tell, teach, know, learn, wonder)
We must know how to operate the machine. 我们必须弄懂如何操作这机器。
Do you know when to start? 你知道什么时候开始吗?
I showed her which button to press. 我告诉她应该按哪一个按钮。
【3】可用于介词后作宾语。(作介词on的宾语)
I found a book on how to avoid having a heart attack. 我找到一本书谈如何避免心脏病复发。
She was worried about how to fill her leisure time. 她为如何打发她的闲暇时间而发愁。
We had better learn to make the right choices about what and how we eat. 我们最好能学会正确选择吃什么、怎么吃。
【3】表语
The question is which to choose. 问题是选哪个。
My question is where to find the answer. 我的问题是在哪里能找到答案。
The question is how to carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。
【4】同位语
The problem what to send them is unknown. 送什么给他们这个问题还不知道。
The question whether to confess troubled the girl. 是否要坦白的问题使姑娘很烦恼。
He had no idea how to help the old man. 他不知道如何去帮助那位老人。
【4】状语
She was at a loss (as to) what to do. 她不知如何是好。
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