with+宾语+宾补复合结构用法探究

介词with属于虚词，是英语语言种最活跃，出现频率最高的虚词之一。其用法非常复杂，现将其用法归纳如下：

with 复合结构语法功能：在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常做伴随、方式、时间，原因、条件等状语。

【1】作定语

Anyone with its eyes on his head can see it’s exactly like a rope. (定语)

任何一个头上长着眼睛的人都能看出它完全像一条绳子。

Mary married a man with a lot of money .  

马莉嫁给了一个有着很多钱的男人。  
I often dream of a big house with a nice garden .  

我经常梦想有一个带花园的大房子。  

The woman with a diamond necklace around the neck must be wealthy . 

那个脖子上带项链的女人一定很有钱。  

There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.

（"with+复合宾语"结构，在句中作定语）

He lives in a house with big trees all around it.

They often eat dumplings with seafood in them.

The girl with big eyes is Jim’s sister.

Look at the man with funny glasses.

I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.
From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.
A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.

【2】作状语

 The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.(状语)

 With all homework finished, the boy began to surf Internet. (状语)

【一】with复合结构的常见形式

 A:with +（介词短语，形容词，副词，名词）结构

【1】“with+名词/代词+介词短语”。

The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.

士兵要他背对着他父亲站着。（方式状语）

She said good-bye with tears in her eyes．

 她含着眼泪说了声再见。 
He was asleep with his head on his arms．

 他头枕着胳膊睡着了。

The boy always sleeps with his head on the arm.

这个孩子总是头枕着胳膊睡觉。（伴随状语）

The baby likes sleeping with his head on his arm.

Anyone with its eyes in his head can see it’s exactly like a rope.

任何一个头上长着眼睛的人都能看出它完全像一条绳子。(作定语用法)

The man was walking on the street, with a book under his arm.

那人在街上走着，腋下夹着一本书。

The teacher came into the classroom with a book under his arm.

He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.

他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。

Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.

文森特坐在课桌前，嘴里衔着一支笔。

The man left the meeting with a book in his hand .  

这个男人手里拿着书离开了会议。  

【2】“with+名词/代词+形容词”。

He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.

他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。

He often sleeps with the windows open．

他常开着窗睡觉。 
Don’t speak with your mouth full．

不要满嘴巴食物说话。

He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.

他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。

With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.

由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。

With his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study.

父亲如此出名，儿子不想读书。

With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it’ll rain presently.

天气这么闷热，十之八九要下雨。

He left the room with the door open .   

门开着，他就离开了屋子。  
Don’t talk with your mouse full .   

嘴里满是东西，不要说话。  

Tom’s father is used to sleep with the window open.

The girl ran into the room with her nose red because it was too cold outside.

When he is eating, he doesn’t speak with his mouth full of food.

【3】 “with+名词/代词+副词”。

The square looks more beautiful than even with all the light on.

所有的灯亮起来，广场看起来更美。

He stood before his teacher with his head down．

他低着头站在老师面前。 
He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on．

他和衣躺在床上。

Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.

所有的灯都打开时，我们的学校看上去更美。

The boy was walking, with his father ahead.

父亲在前，小孩在后走着。

With the radio on ,grandma slept deeply in the chair .   收音机开者，奶奶在椅子里沉沉的睡着。  
With Tom away , I always feel lonely .   汤母不在，我一直感觉孤独。  

The square looks more beautiful than even with all the light on.

Mr. Black left his office with the air-conditioner off.

The teacher came in with some textbooks under her arm.

Later, another type of coin was used, with holes in it, and these were used for the next 2000

【4】“with+名词/代词+名词”。

He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.

他走了，妻子十分伤心。

He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl．

他去世时，女儿还是个小学生

The old man looks down upon everyone ,with his son chairman of the company .  
因为他儿子是公司的主席，这个老头瞧不起任何人。  

He was taken to hospital with his legs a mass of bleeding flesh .  

他被抬到医院，他的腿血肉模糊。  

B:with +（过去分词，现在分词，动词不定式）结构

【5】. “with+名词/代词+done”。在此结合中，过去分词和宾语是被动关系，表示动作已经完成。

He sat there with his eyes closed．

他闭目坐在那儿。 
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked．

整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。

With his homework done, Peter went out to play. 

作业做好了，彼得出去玩了。（时间状语）

With the signal given, the train started.（时间状语）

信号发出了，火车开始起动了。

I wouldn’t dare go home without the job finished.（原因状语）

工作还没完成，我不敢回家。

With this problem solved, neomycin 1 is now in regular production.

随着这个问题的解决，新霉素一号现在已经正式产生。

The fellow stood there with his hands crossed .   这个家伙两手交叉，站在那里。  
The peasants have a good harvest with all the crops got in .   庄稼都收割了，农民们有了一个好收成。  

The students are listening to the teacher with their eyes fixed on the blackboard.

The thief was brought in with his hands tied back.

With all homework finished, the boy began to surf Internet. (状语)

With this problem solved, the medicine is now in regular production.

Everyone should go to sleep with the light turned off.

【6】“with+名词/代词+-ing分词”。此结构强调名词是-ing分词的动作的发出者或某动作、状态正在进行。

He fell asleep with the lamp burning．

他没熄灯就睡着了。 
I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill．

因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。

With spring coming on, trees turn green.

春天到了，树变绿了。（时间状语）

He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.

全班同学看着他，他感到更不自然了。

The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.（时间状语）

有这么多的孩子坐在他周围，那男子感到很高兴。

The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.（方式状语）

小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。

Without anyone noticing , he slipped through the window.

他趁没人注意的时候，从窗口溜走了。

With the boy leading the way，we found he house easily.（小男孩已领过路）

In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.

He lay there with his eyes looking at the sky.

【7】“with+宾语+to do”。此结构中，不定式和宾语是被动关系，表示尚未发生的动作。

So in the afternoon, with nothing to do, I went on a round of the bookshops.

由于下午无事可做，我就去书店转了转。

I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash．

要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。 

With this book to help you , you can finish your work as soon as possible .  
有这本书来帮忙，你能尽快完成工作。  
With so many problems to settle ,the new manager was too worried to eat anything .  
有着太多问题去处理，新经理担忧的吃不下任何东西。  
With so many people to help us, we are sure to finish it in time．

有这么多人帮忙，我们一定能按时完成。

With machinery to do all the work, they will soon have got in the crops.

由于所有的工作都是由机器进行，他们将很快收完庄稼。（原因状语）

The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.（原因状语）

有这么多的家庭作业要做，小男孩看上去很不开心。

The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit. （原因状语）

有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。