to be done, being done, done作定语的区别
(1)to be done表示将来(将要将来某时间被做)
The meeting to be held tomorrow is important.
=The meeting which will be held tomorrow is important.
明天要开的会很重要。
There are plans to be made at once.
=There are plans which will be made at once.
要立即制定计划
.He was the second man to be killed this way.
=He was the second man who had been killed this way.
他是第二个这样被杀害的人.(表示在过去某一时间之前被做)
(不定式完成时to have done 做定语语言现象不常见)
There is no need to have bought a new pair of shoes for me.没有必要给我买一双新鞋。
(2)being done表示目前正在发生(当前时间正在被做)
The meeting being held now is important.
=The meeting which is being held now is important.
现在正在开的这个会很重要。
(备注:现在分词完成时不可以作后置定语修饰前面名词)
(3)done表示过去己经发生(过去某一时间已被做)
The meeting held yesterday was important.
=The meeting which was held yesterday was important.
昨天开的那个会议很重要。
(过去分词没有完成时被动语态这种说法和表述)
不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
【1】不定式作定语
(1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系
He was the last one to leave school yesterday.
昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。
The train to arrive was from London.
将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。
(2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系
Get him something to eat.
给他拿点儿东西吃。
She has a lot of work to do in the morning.
早上他有很多工作要做。
(3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语,要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系,这里的介词不能省去。
I need a pen to write with.
我需要一支笔写字。
There is nothing to worry about.
没有什么值得发愁的。
(4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词:
ability能力,本领 drive赶,驾驶 movement运动,活动
ambition抱负,野心 effort努力,尝试 need需要,需求
campaign战役,运动 failure失败,不及格 opportunity机会
chance机会 force力,压力,要点 promise许诺,希望
courage勇气 intention意向,意图 reason理由,原因
decision决定 method方法,方式 light光,光线,亮光
determination决心,决定 motive动机,目的 struggle奋斗,努力,
tendency倾向,趋势 wish希望,愿望,祝愿
(5)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, second, last, only和not a,the等限定词时候,只能用不定式。
Tom is always the first to come to school.
(6)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。
John will do anything but work on a farm.
除了农活,约翰什么都愿意干。
(7)如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语,或者其形容词要器接不定式做补语,则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如: tend to do-tendency to do;decide to do = decision to do;be curious to do = curiosity to do
His wish to buy a car came true.
他要买辆车的愿望实现了。
Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.
他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个到来,最后一个离去。
【2】分词作定语
分词作定语时有下面几个特点:
(1)现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示被动含意。
(2)现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。
He rushed into the burning house.
他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。
The child standing over there is my brother.
站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。
The room facing south is our classroom.
朝南的房间是我们的教室。
Have you got your watch repaired?
你拿到那个修好的表了吗?
He is an advanced teacher.他是个先进教师。
(3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义,这点要注意:
departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come
【3】不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系
一般来说,不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后;现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?
你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗?
Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?
你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗?
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