句子成分分析(涉及A is to B as C is to D和made believe to do
请分析下面句子成分。
1. He made believe not to be aware of my presence.
2. A is to B as C is to D.
最佳答案 2018-04-14 22:08
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1. He made believe not to be aware of my presence.
本句关键是分析 made believe。英语中有些含有let和make的固定动词短语，前一个动词后面跟一个不带to的不定式，例如let fall (无意中说出)，let go (放开)，let slip (放走)，live and let live (自己活也让别人活)，make believe (假装)，make do (凑合着用)，这些表达在形式上和意义上都比较固定，通常被视为一个动词，原则上无需再细分。所以原句的 he 是主语，made believe是谓语，其后的不定式 not to be…是宾语。
2. A is to B as C is to D.
我个人认为：这里的 as 是连词，意为“恰像”“犹如”“好比”，意思是“A之于B，犹如C之于D”。 A is to B 是主句，as C is to D 是由 as 引导的相似状语从句(有时从句前可以有个逗号)。例句如：
Three is to four as six is to eight. 三对四之比等于六对八之比。
Air is to man as water is to fish. 空气之于人犹如水之于鱼。
Water is to fish, as air is to men. 水之于鱼，犹如空气之于人。
这样用的 as 也可以换成 what。如：
Manure is to crops what food is to man. 肥料对于农作物，就如同食物对人一样。
Reading is to the mind what food is to the body. 读书与思想的关系就好比食物与健康的关系。
Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals. 发动机对机器之关系犹如心脏对动物之关系。
注：有人认为这样用的 as 是关系代词，相当于 that which。（个人不赞成这种分析）
其它 2 个回答
同意唐老师的分析。make believe是一个固定的短语动词，后常接不定式或从句。
关于“A is to B as C is to D.”的句式，这里引用北大董桂枝教授《英语特殊表现法例解》上的解释供网友们参考：
Leaves are to the plant what lungs are to the animal.叶之于植物犹如肺之于动物。
Regulation is to a school what the law is to a nation.校规之于学校，犹如法律之于国家。
这个句型与下列句型相似，试比较：
① A is to B what X is to Y
② A is to B as X is to Y
③ As X is to Y, so is A to B
④ What X is to Y, that is A to B
在①、②句型中，what和as都用作连接词，其后是从句，主句在前。①句型可译为“A之于B等于X之于Y”，其中what X is to Y是名词从句，是动词is的补语，动词is可以省去。②句型可译为“A之于B犹如X之于Y”。③、④句型与①、②句型相反，主句在后，从句在前。③句型可译为“正如X之于Y，A对于B也表示同一关系”。在④句型中，作为补语的名词从句放在句首，用that作同格词，这个that可省去。注意③、④句型的后半句，主语和动词的位置转换了。
其他类似的例子：
Air is to us as water is to fish. 空气对于我们，犹如水对于鱼一样重要。
Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.读书对于思想，好比运动对于身体一样重要。
What the voyage of Columbus was to the world in the 15th century, the journey of the satellite, Lunik Ⅲ, might well be to the twentieth. 哥伦布的航行对于15世纪人们的意义，犹如3号月球卫星航行对于20世纪人们的意义一样。
As the house is to the man so is the nest to the bird and the cave to the animal
= The house is to the man what the nest is to the bird and cave to the animal.
= What the nest is to the bird and the cave to the animal so is the house to the man.
室之于人，犹巢之于鸟，穴之于兽。
Five is to seven what ten is to fourteen. 五与七之比等于十与十四之比。
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(1) make believe vt.假装
（后可接，宾语从句，接不定式作宾语）
Sometimes when children play, they make believe they are grow-ups.
孩子们有时在游戏时装作大人。
He made believe to wash clothes.
他假装洗衣服。
She make believe not to hear me.
她假装没有听到我的话.
Let's make believe we are doctors.
让我们来假扮成医生.
Let's make believe that we're Red Indians.
我们来假扮红番吧.
(2)let go vt./vi. 放开，释放，发射；放手；撒；松手
When he let go the head lolled sideways.
他一放手，脑袋便垂向一侧。
Hold tight. I'm going to let go.
你抓紧, 我要放手了.
He wouldn't let go ( of ) his hold.
他就是不撒手.
Don't let go the rope.
握紧绳子别松手.
(3)let slip vt.错过（机会）; 无意中说出; 失; 放过
I bet he let slip that I'd gone to America.
我可以打赌，是他走漏了我去了美国的消息。
She let slip that she had not paid her tax.
她无意中说出她没有交税.
We mustn't let slip such an opportunity.
这样的机会我们不能错过.
Don't let slip such a golden opportunity.
机会难得,幸勿失之交臂.
He let slip the bloodhounds.
他放出猎犬.
He let slip the truth.
他失口吐露了真情.
You should not let slip the golden opportunity.
你不应当错过这个好机会.
(4)live and let live互相帮助，待人宽容如待己
Kings allowed the innocent to live and let live.
国王允许无辜臣民宽以待人.
I wish more people would just live and let live.
我希望更多的人能自己活也能让别人活.
Live and let live.
自己活也让人活.
I believe in live and let live.
我的信条是:“各自生活不相扰. ”
Mind your own business. Live and let live.
不要管别人的事,自己活,也让别人活.
We are both in the same trade but good friends.Our idea is to live and let live.
我们是同行, 但也是好友。
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