在前面有个问题的讨论中,曾涉及到方式状语从句的理解与修饰问题:
见:http://ask.yygrammar.com/q-23510.html
曹老师(我十分尊敬的一位专家)曾提出了一个观点:方式状语应该是修饰动作,表示动作的方式,而不应是修饰状态动词。对于这一点,我觉得曹老师的观点是正确的,但同时我又觉得有好多句子无法用这一观点来解释。比如下面的句子,as if, as though引导的是什么从句?是方式状语从句吗?如果是,它们相应的主句好像并不是动作;如果不是,那它们是什么从句呢?
She sounded a little breathless, as if she had been running. 她气喘吁吁,仿佛是一路跑过来的。
It was a curious feeling, as though we were floating on air. 那是一种奇特的感觉,我们彷佛在空中漂浮。
He was very cold and uncaring about it, as if it wasn’t important. 他对它的态度非常冷漠,似乎它并不重要。
The horse lay motionless on the ground, as if it was dead. 这匹马一动不动躺在地上,像死了似的。
特请教各位专家,谢谢各位!
She sounded a little breathless, as if she had been running. 她气喘吁吁,仿佛是一路跑过来的。
It was a curious feeling, as though we were floating on air. 那是一种奇特的感觉,我们彷佛在空中漂浮。
He was very cold and uncaring about it, as if it wasn’t important. 他对它的态度非常冷漠,似乎它并不重要。
The horse lay motionless on the ground, as if it was dead. 这匹马一动不动躺在地上,像死了似的。
以上四个句子的结构类似,即as if引导从句,主句的谓语动词均为静态动词,表示主语的状态。状态是不可能有方式的,因此以上四句中的as if从句都不是方式状语从句。国内的英语书刊或词典对于as if引导的从句多称之为方式状语从句,部分书刊或文章提到as if位于系词后为表语从句。那么,上面的句子中的as if从句显然不是表语从句,主句的谓语为状态又排除了方式状语从句。那么究竟应该将其视为什么从句呢?我们还是得从as if的结构和语义分析入手。
《美国韦氏词典》对as if的解释之一是as if=as it would be if。由于以上句子的谓语都不是行为动词,所以as不可能指“和…一样的方式”,而是“和。。。的情形一样。”as it would be中的it是人称代词,指代前面主句的的内容。逻辑意义是:主句所描述的情形和从句所假设的情形是一样的。以上面最后一句为例:
The horse lay motionless in the ground, as if it was dead.
The horse lay motionless in the ground, as it would be if it was dead.
那匹马躺在地上一动不动,这个情形和一匹死马一动不动的情形是相同的。(与事实相反的假设)
As if从句此时不是修饰主句的谓语lay,而是对前面整个主句的内容进行补充说明或解释,这种状语叫做句子附加状语(sentence adjunct),也有人叫其为评注性状语(disjucnt)。
As if的意义为“the same situation/state/condition that it would be if”。这时的as是关系代词,既引导补充说明的句子状语,还要在从句中作表语,其语义为:“和假设的…的情形是一样的”。
以上分析,谬误之处敬请批评指正。
如果觉得我的回答对您有用,请随意打赏。你的支持将鼓励我继续创作!
(1)表语从句:即用来充当表语成分的从句称作为表语从句
结构为:
主语+系动词(be, seem, look, smell, sound, taste)+连词(as, as if, as though)+从句(主语+谓语+其他)
It sounds as if / as though the situation will get worse.
听起来好像情况会恶化似的。
It feels as if / as though it’s going to rain.
这天气给人的感觉好像是就要下雨了。
He looks as if he’s tired
他看起来像是累了。
It appears that you’re right.
看来你是对的。
It seems that no one know what had happened.
似乎没有人知道发生了什么事。
(2)方式状语从句:即充当方式状语的从句称作为方式状语从句
结构为:
主语+行为动词(talk, act, behave,speak,do)+连词(as if , as though, the way)
He acted as if nothing had happened.
他表现的好像什么事情都没有发生过。
He spoke as if he had known it.
他讲的好像他已经知道这件事。
we should do the exercise as our teacher tells us.
我们应该按照老师告诉我们的做这个练习。
You talk as if you had really been there.
你说的好像你真的去过那个地方。
如果觉得我的回答对您有用,请随意打赏。你的支持将鼓励我继续创作!