关系代词的辨析与选择(that,who,but)

There is no one _______ needs food and water.

A. that B. who C. but D. doesn't

请选择。

▲从语法上看，选关系代词 that, who, but 都可以。但结合常识，选 but 是最合适的。

but 用作关系代词，主要用于否定词之后，相当于 who [that] do [does] not，其意为“没有…不——这种用法已比较旧了，现代英语比较少见。你的句子：

There is no one but needs food and water.

=There is no one who does not need food and water.

没有不需要食物和水的人。/ 没有人是不需要食物和水的。（即每个人都需要食物和水）

▲再举两例：

1. There is not one of us but wishes to help you.

= There is not one of us that does not wish to help you.

我们没有一个人不想帮助你。

2. Nobody but has his fault.

=Nobody that does not have his fault.

人人都有缺点。

▲补充说明（初学者可忽略）：

从比较宽的意义来说，上面一题选 doesn’t 也不算错，可视为省略了作主语的关系代词：

There is no one but needs food and water.

=There is no one does not need food and water.（省略了who）

=There is no one who does not need food and water.

没有不需要食物和水的人。（即每个人都需要食物和水）

又如：

There’s somebody wants to see you. 有一个人要见你。(wants前省去who)

There’s no one works harder than you. 没有比你更用功的人了。(one后省去了用作主语的who)

沅老师 - 英语教师

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曾克辉 1秒前

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同意刘老师的分析。补充一点：but用作关系代词引导定语从句须符合两个条件。

1.主句部分必须是否定式或带有否定意义的词（no, little, few, hardly, barely, seldom, nobody, nothing...）。

2.but作关系代词相当于which/that/who + 否定式的谓语。即：整个复合句是以双重否定的形式来加强语气。例如：

There is no mother but loves her own children．没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。(but loves = who/that does not love)

He hardly has problems but can be solved. 他简直就没有解决不了的问题。(but can be solved = which/that can't be solved)