两个问题如下:
1. 语法书上说不定式的进行式的主动语态为 to be writing,但是没讲进行式的被动语态,难道是跟主动一样的形式也是 to be writing 吗?
2.To be obeyed was natural to her. 这句开头是不是省略了某个成分?was natural, be动词后加形容词怎么感觉怪怪的?这句子的成分该怎么划?转成主动后的句子是怎样的?
两个问题如下:
语法书上说不定式的进行式的主动语态为 to be writing,但是没讲进行式的被动语态,难道是跟主动一样的形式也是 to be writing 吗?
解答如下:
A:不定式的主动进行为
to be doing
The boy pretends to be sleeping.
这个假装在睡觉。
B:不定式被动进行为:
to be being done
Tom is said to be being punished.
据说汤姆现在正在受惩罚。
由于不定式被动进行不常用,因此一般的语法书,没有列举出来。
2.To be obeyed was natural to her. 这句开头是不是省略了某个成分?was natural, be动词后加形容词怎么感觉怪怪的?这句子的成分该怎么划?转成主动后的句子是怎样的?
解答如下:
主语:To be obeyed
系动词:was
表语:natural
状语:to her
To be obeyed was natural to her .(不定式被动式作主语)
=It is natural to her to be obeyed.(形式主语it作主语)
改成主动句应该是
In her view.it is natural for people to obey her.
To be obeyed was natural to her.
类似于=To be trusted is a pleasure to her.
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1 同意刘老师的解答。不定式的进行体被动态形式to be being done读起来真的很拗口。因此仅仅偶尔出现在书面语中。有些句型中要求只能只能用不定式,但to do和to be done都表示还没有发生的未来时间,如果需要在这里用不定式,同时又是与谓语时间同时的动作,不定式不得以只好改为进行体。将来进行时和完成进行时的被动语态也存在同样的拗口问题。如:will be being done, have been being done. 正因为拗口,现代英语已经逐渐摈弃了这些拗口的动词形式。当前的语法书会说,将来进行时和完成进行时没有被动语态。需要表示被动语态时,用一般将来和完成时的被动语态形式代替。
2 To be obeyed是不定式作主语。主系表结构,to her在她看来,状语。
直译:在她看来,被别人服从是很自然的。
若改为相应的主动的不定式,则为:
To her opinion, it was natural for people to obey her.
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动词不定式,在应用中通常有5种形式,一般语法书没有把“不定式被动进行式”列出。
不定式表示动作,因此有一般式、进行式、完成式等时态形式及主动、被动两种语态形式。它的各种形式如下表所示(以动词do为例):
语态形式 时态形式 | 主动式 | 被动式 |
一般式 | to do | to be done |
完成式 | to have done | to have been done |
进行式 | to be doing | 无 |
注意:否定形式是在不定式符号to前加not。 |
********************************************************************************
从理论上讲,应该有“不定式被动进行式”(to be being done) 这种形式,但实际语言中这种用法比较少,作主语的情况更少。
我在语料库中,查到了多个例证:
1. Rainforests are reported to be being cut down rapidly.
据报道雨林正被迅速地砍伐。
2. We're in contact with the children and with the children in hospital and it seems to be being managed well.
“我们跟在酒店隔离和在医院治疗的孩子们都保持着联系,看起来各方面安排的都很好”。
While female veterans are somewhat used to be being misperceived in the military by men and in school by students and faculty members,
It is odd that he appears to be being kept in isolation. I spoke last night to a Vietnam prisoner of war.
on a broader case, the Malaysian government, this investigation appears to be being managed by the military. And it has not gone to the civil aviation authorities
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about the Democratic message that seems not to be selling or not to be being bought in the heartland?
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and a knowing eyebrow lifted. Evidently she was used to be being stared at by men. Wryly, she said, " Forget it.
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being under the spotlight, in a big star, shes always going to be being watched, why would she not have enough common sense to " A " number
painful to watch, and just so awful is that he does seem to be being hit and beaten for no reason the up at the moment, and the Shiite community, which seems to be being pushed to one side. BLOCK: Mr. Yawer had been giving a number of
hottest day ever, the driest October ever. All these records seem to be being broken in the last l0 years, which is very, very suspicious and helps
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the way in which Elian appeared to be being coached as to what to say QUESTION Do you get the impression that Juan Miguel
Probably that would have to be being sampled on Eminem's record. # Though you were doing quite well before that
and I certainly am not blaming President Clinton, but the impasse seems to be being fought out on the basis of whether you support Social Security and welf -- excuse
as long as again the kids don't perceive it to be being spoken by somebody who doesn't know the real deal. You know, to
he's talking about how nice it's going to be being retired and living in the house he's having built along the Gulf Coast in
large clearing out of whites from the civil service -- which is supposed to be being shrunk in size but is actually growing rapidly as large numbers of blacks are recruited
for profiteroles and coffee, and a singer. (They were supposed to be being shown " behind the scenes. " Oh sure! Snort, scoff!)
He appears to be being dragged by those forces. " # Kim's government has economic as well as
seeing in them a pattern which seems to be being repeated in their own societies. 11 shall start my own remarks at this point.
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politically vulnerable, the man who succeeds her will have to get used to be being compared.
but what is truly alarming is that it appears to be being done with help from City Hall in the post-election lull and at a time when
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