1.以下的现在完成时是代表她到现在还站着还是代表她在有噪音或发生战争时站着之后就不站着了?
It is silent now. But I have stood here when the whole air was full of the noises of Charn; the trampling of feet, the creaking of wheels, the cracking of the whips and the groaning of slaves, the thunder of chariots, and the sacrificial drums beating in the temples. I have stood here (but that was near the end) when the roar of battle went up from every street and the river of Charn ran red.
2.如果这段话不是直接引语而是由作者说的,是不是该变成she had stood其他部分不变?意思该怎么理解?是不是有噪音时就站着直到后来的某个时间点结束?
问题1.以下的现在完成时是代表她到现在还站着还是代表她在有噪音或发生战争时站着之后就不站着了?
It is silent now. But I have stood here when the whole air was full of the noises of Charn; the trampling of feet, the creaking of wheels, the cracking of the whips and the groaning of slaves, the thunder of chariots, and the sacrificial drums beating in the temples. I have stood here (but that was near the end) when the roar of battle went up from every street and the river of Charn ran red.
答:从"It is..."和“here”可以知道说话人此时就站在“这里”(可以理解为离文中提到的一系列事件发生地点不是很远处的某个高处(如屋顶)。“现在寂静了。可当空气中弥漫着Charn(地名)的各种噪音---脚步声、车轮声、鞭笞声、奴隶的呻吟声、战车的轰鸣声和庙宇祭奠时的鼓声;当最后每条街道都传出战斗的呼声、Charn的河流被染成红色的时候,我就一直站在这里(目睹了这一切的发生)。”说话人用stand的现在完成时呼应is,表示从过去持续到说话时主语的姿态。在说话人的心目中,这发生的一切刚刚结束。但我还是一直站在这里。说话人强调stand,用作主句的谓语,强调耳闻目睹的亲身经历,然后再用过去时描述这段时间里伴发的过去事件。
(stand, sit, lie等属于姿态动词,是动态动词和静态动词划分的中间灰色地带。所以其用法兼具动态动词和静态动词的特征。)
问题2.如果这段话不是直接引语而是由作者说的,是不是该变成she had stood其他部分不变?意思该怎么理解?是不是有噪音时就站着直到后来的某个时间点结束?
答:是的。
It was silent then. She had stood there when... ...
文中的she一直站到一切都寂静下来的then那个时候。
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