I always learn in a relaxing mood and I'm making great progress.
答案为 relaxing mood 改为relaxed mood。为什么不能是 ing 形式? ing 表性质、特征、心情的性质,是令人放松的,为什么不行?
a relaxing mood 和 a relaxed mood,两种说法都对,只是语义不同。用在本句需要选择一个正确的。
a relaxing mood:一种让人放松的心情。(说明此种心情会使人放松)
a relaxed mood:一种放松了的心情。(说明没有负担、没有压力的心情)
关于它们为何有此区别,请看下面的解答:
a frightened look 与a frightening look 之辨
英语中,有一类“使令性动词”,表示人的心理或情绪变化。由此演变而来的现在分词和过去分词属于同一个词源:现在分词表示事物本身的性质以及给他人的感受,意为“令人怎样”;过去分词表示人的心理和情绪受到的变化,是被动的感觉,意为“感到怎样”。一般都认为,以-ed结尾的分词形容词修饰人,以-ing结尾的分词形容词修饰事物。例如:
Richard felt satisfied with their satisfying service at the hotel.
The movie was very moving. Rose was greatly moved.
Sophia wasn’t discouraged though her answer was discouraging.
Jenny is surpried at the surpring news.
The cartoon was interesting and Victor was very interested in it.
William became bored at the boring job.
The tiger looked frightening, but Lily wasn’t frightened.
His speech was very inspiring. Mary became inspired.
Charles wasn’t amused though the story you had told was amusing.
The result of the examination was disappointing, so Judy became disappointed.
实际上,“以-ed结尾的分词形容词修饰人,以-ing结尾的分词形容词修饰事物”,这个说法是不全面的。这只是一种表象,不是问题的实质。请看下面的句子:
You always look frightening when you wake up. 你醒来时总露出令人恐惧的样子。
You always look frightened when you wake up. 你醒来时总露出感到恐惧的样子。
The little boy is very interesting. 这个小男孩很有趣。
The little boy is very interested in the toy. 这个小男孩对着玩具感兴趣。
同样是人,为何出现上述两种情况?问题的关键在哪里呢?
我认为,问题的关键在于分词形容词的性质:“现在分词(形容词)表主动,过去分词(形容词)表被动”。所以,过去分词或现在分词都可以修饰人。
有语法书还指出,像look(表情), expression(表情), voice(声音),smile(微笑)等词,一般用过去分词修饰,如:a frightened look, an astonished expression, a satisfied smile, an excited voice。事实果真如此吗?请看例句:
You look frightening. Since you look frightening, you have a frightening look. 你看起来令人恐惧,既然如此,所以你有一个令人恐惧的表情。
You look frightened. Since you look frightened, you have a frightened look. 你看起来感到很恐惧,既然如此,所以你有一个恐惧的表情。
又如:
a satisfied smile. (感到)满意的微笑(这种微笑是在人感到满意后表现出来的微笑。)
a satisfying smile. (让人)满意的微笑(这种微笑是让人满意的微笑。意味着笑得真诚自然,不做作。)
an astonished expression(感到)惊讶的表情 (这种表情是在人感到吃惊后显现出来的表情。)
an astonishing expression(令人)惊讶的表情(这种表情是让人吃惊的表情。意味着这个表情有些可怕,使人惊讶。)
an exited voice (感到)兴奋的声音(这是人在兴奋时,说话带出来的声音)
an exciting voice (令人)兴奋的声音(意味着说话的人声音很有号召力,令人鼓舞,令人兴奋)
人的心理状态、表情、声音或微笑,是通过人的情绪表现出来的,它也有两种情况。分词形容词,由于现在分词(的形容词)表主动,过去分词(的形容词)表被动,所以,反映在同一个人或事物身上,可以有两种不同的结果。
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