1 关于句子成分和时态

The woman was worried it would take her years to settle her account with the hospital. 她很担心自己可能要花许多年去还清这笔医药费。

上面这段英文和翻译来自沪江,我想请哪位老师,帮我划一下这个句子的成分,再说一下句子里用到的时态和语态,先在这里谢过了。

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最佳答案 2017-02-19 15:09

The woman was worried it would take her years to settle her account with the hospital. 她很担心自己可能要花许多年去还清这笔医药费。

【答】把该句分为两部分:

1. The woman was worried:看作主句。

2. it would take her years to settle her account with the hospital:看作原因状语从句,it前省略了从属连词that。

在本从句中,it是形式主语,to settle her account with the hospital是真正主语。

3. 把that从句看作是was worried的原因,主要是从语义考虑的。

在“be + 形容词 + that”结构中,关于that从句的成分划分,一般分为两种情况:

1. 作“be + 形容词”的原因状语。

2. 作“be + 形容词”的宾语。

下面,具体对“主语(人) + be + 形容词 + that 从句”进行分析。

句子的主干是“主系表结构”,这应该没有异议。关键是,这个that从句到底做什么成分?

我个人认为,单纯从结构上是没有办法对that从句作出划分成分的。只有从语用学角度,也就是从语义上考虑,才是最佳的方法。因此,应根据形容词与that从句的关系作为判断的标准。

▲这些that从句,在意思上确实表达了形容词的“原因”。这类形容名词往往表示“情绪变化”的意义。根据语义,最好看作原因状语从分句。

He was pleased that at last he was extricated.  他很高兴他终于获得了解脱。

I'm sorry that your husband lost his job. 你丈夫把工作丢了,我很惋惜。

He's very glad that you've come to see him. 你来看他,他非常高兴。

They are proud that she is doing well at school. 他们为她出色的学习成绩感到骄傲。

Father was angry that Tom had broken the glass. 汤姆把杯子摔破了,父亲很生气。

▲“be+形容词”表达的意思,对that从句具有“相信、推测、怀疑、判断”等关系,那么,把that从句视为宾语从句最好。例如:

I’m afraid that he isn’t back yet. 恐怕他还没回来。

We’re sure that they will stand behind us. 我们肯定他们会支持我们。

They were confident that they would overcome the difficulties. 他们有信心能克服困难。

I am certain that he will deliver on his promise. 我确信他会履行诺言。

与上述情况不同,这些例句的that从句跟形容词不存在因果关系,而是含有动宾关系。“be+形容词”可以转换为一个及物动词。

例如:

I’m afraid (=fear) that he isn’t back yet. 恐怕他还没回来。

We’re sure (=believe) that they will stand behind us. 我们肯定他们会支持我们。

此外,关于句子时态和语态,这不是问题。主句的was worried:一般过去时,是系表结构,不是被动语态。从句的it would...过去将来时。


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  • yuanquana   提出于 2017-01-25 16:38

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