【语法理论探讨】一个完整的单句可以有两个地点状语吗?
例如:Tom and Mary played on the ground in front of the building from eight to ten yesterday morning.
有,这要具体情况具体分析。目前语法学家会认为例句中的地点状语是两个。见薄冰,张道真等人的著作。也包括一些外国人写的著作。
在Tom and Mary played on the ground in front of the building from eight to ten yesterday morning. 句中,我觉得划线部分如果理解为互为修饰关系,即in front of the building是定语,修饰ground,在翻译时虽然符合汉语表达习惯,但不为语法学家接受,因为实质上这两个地点都是同时说明动词的。如果理解成定语,会和下面一句出现冲突。
请看这个句子:In front of the building,Tom and Mary played on the ground. 这也是个单句,很明显,这就是两个地点状语。英语里没有地点作定语置于句首的。
如果误把 in front of the building理解为后置定语修饰ground,可能主要是因为在这个句子中,状语或定语二者在形式上是一样的,其实,我觉得这是貌合神离,犹如披着羊皮的狼,它虽然看着像羊,实际还是狼一样。另外一个原因,这样理解和中文的表达一致,所以容易钻进牛角尖难以自拔。
补充一点,我举个例子:Most high school graduates go to college in China. 这句中,college 和in China都是地点状语。如果In China 是定语的话,会产生歧义,即多数中学毕业生在中国上大学。其实,这和原句的意思有出入。原句的意思是:在中国,多数高中毕业生上大学。这里不一定都是指中国的大学,也包括出国。所以理解成状语才准确。
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【语法理论探讨】一个完整的单句可以有两个地点状语吗?
【Discussions On Theory of Grammar】Can a simple sentence be modifed simultaneously by two adverbials of place ?
例如:Tom and Mary played on the ground in front of the building from eight to ten yesterday morning.
解答如下:
My answer to the above-mentioned question is as follows:
一个完整简单句不能同时拥有2个地点状语,以上谓语played只拥有一个地点状语"on the ground"加以修饰和限定.
A complete simple sentence can't be modified by two adverbials of place at the same time.
(1)on the ground 修饰谓语“played”
(2)in front of the building 修饰“ground"
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