我与陈老师的看法稍有不同。我们可以说并列连词通常连接两个或两个以上的相同成分，但说“都是名词、都是形容词、都是动词、都是副词、都是从句、都是短语”就过于绝对了。张道真《英语语法大全》有以下例句：

I feel funny and out of sorts.（连接两个表语，但两个表语为“形容词+and+副词短语”）

I declare this seriously and with confidence.（连接两个状语，但两个状语为“副词+and+介词短语”）

I devote my spare time to music, books, or playing tennis.（连接三个介词宾语，但三个宾语为“名词+名词+or+动名词短语”）

▲关于并列句还要注意以下两点：

1. 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。连词：and, but, or, so, while, for, neither…nor, both…and, otherwise, and so等等；副词(作连词用)：thus, therefore, however等等。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，是平行并列的关系，它们之间一定要有并列连词。如： 

We bought her a birthday present, and she liked it very much.

He has never read the book, so he knows nothing about it.

Tom likes football while his sister likes music.

Li Ping was late for class, for he didn’t catch the early bus.

Use your head, and you will find a way. 

2.并列成分切不可误认为是并列句。如：

I will stay here for two or three days.  (并列定语)

Not only Tom but also Jack is from England. (并列主语)

He likes (both) English and French. (并列宾语)

He will come neither today nor tomorrow. (并列状语)

The shoes are either too big or too small. (并列表语)

Would you eat here or take it away? (并列谓语)

He said (that) you need't worry and that he would help you. (并列从句)

【补充回答追问】

不同成分通常是不能并列的，“并列”的前提须是“成分相同”，但有时候英语中的确会出现貌似不同成分并列的情况。请看以下两例：

1.He speaks English,and that very well. 他会说英语，并且说得极好。

句子中的and that是一种习惯表达，常译为“而且”。事实上，and还是并列两个相同成分，只不过and后的that替代了前句中的相同部分以避免重复且使句子简练。即：

He speaks English, and that very well.= He speaks English,and he speaks English very well.

2. Children love to have toys, pictures and what not.  孩子一般喜欢玩具 、 图片和其他的东西。

and what not也是一种习惯表达，相当于and some other things。and what not还可以用and so on, and so forth, and the like, and the rest, and all that以及拉丁文etc.(et cetera)来替换。