▲正误判断：

1. 你的第一组句子正误情况如下（与你的看法相同）：

误：I want to punish who broke the law rules

正：I want to punish the one who broke the law rules.

2. 你的第二个句子是对的：

正：I want to know who broke the law rules.

3. 你的第三个句子正误情况如下（与你的理解相反）：

误：I will give who was unable to attend the meeting a book.

正：I will give the one who was unable to attend the meeting a book.

▲你的三个正句的分析：

虽然你的以下三个句子中都有 who，但它们的作用不一样，意思也不一样：

正：I want to punish the one who broke the law rules.（who是关系代词，引导定语从句；翻译成汉语时，没有疑问意味，不能翻译成“谁”）

正：I want to know who broke the law rules. （who是连接代词，引导宾语从句；翻译成汉语时，具有疑问意味，可以翻译成“谁”）

正：I will give the one who was unable to attend the meeting a book.（who是关系代词，引导定语从句；翻译成汉语时，没有疑问意味，不能翻译成“谁”）

▲你的两个误句的分析：

误：I want to punish who broke the law rules

误：I will give who was unable to attend the meeting a book.

从结构上，这两个句子中who引导的都只能分析为宾语从句，但who引导宾语从句，它一定具有疑问意味，相当于汉语中的“谁”。又如：

I don’t know who started the fight. 我不知道谁先动的手。

Tell me who everyone is in the photo. 告诉我照片里的每个人是谁。

Do you know who broke the window? 你知道是谁把窗户打破的吗?

She wondered who had sent the flowers. 她不知道是谁送的花。