一、名词作表语Africa is a big continent. 非洲是个大洲。

主语：Africa

系动词：is

表语：a big continent

That remains a puzzle to me. 这对我还是个难题。

主语：that

系动词：remains

表语:a puzzle 

状语：to me

二、代词作表语What's your fax number? 

你的传真号是多少？

主语：your fax number

系动词：is

表语:what

三、形容词作表语I feel much better today. 

我今天感觉好多了。

主语：I 

系动词：feel

表语:much better 

状语:today

四、数词作表语She was the first to learn about it. 

她是第一个知道的人。

主语：she

系动词：was

表语:the first

后置定语： to learn about it

五、不定式或ing形式作表语

Her job is selling computers. 

她的工作是销售电脑。

主语：her job

系动词：is

表语:selling computers

Our next step was to get raw materials ready. 

我们下一步是把原料准备好。

主语：our next step 

系动词：was

表语:to get raw material ready

六、介词短语作表语

The patient is out of danger. 

病人脱险了。

主语：the patient

系动词：is

表语:out of danger

I don't feel at ease. 

我感到不自在。

主语：I 

谓语：don't feel

表语:at ease

（备注系动词前有助动词don't时，被视作为“谓语”成分）

七、副词作表语

The sun is up. 太阳升起来了。

主语：the sun

系动词：is

表语:up

I must be off now. 

现在我得走了。

主语：I 

谓语：must be

表语:off 

状语：now

（备注系动词前有情态动词时，被视作为“谓语”成分）

八、从句作表语This is what he said. 

这就是他所说的话。

主语：This 

系动词：is

表语:what he said

(关于充当句子成分拓展知识讲解如下，希望对你有帮助）

【充当句子各种成分不同形式归纳】

充当句子成分不同形式精品讲解及归纳总结【充当句子成分形式深度解析】

能作句子成分形式（共计20种形式）如下：

(6大实词；6大短语；6大非谓语动词/非谓语动词短语；2大从句或者句子）

【1】名词 (主语，宾语，表语，状语，定语，补足语，同位语）

【2】动词 （谓语）

【3】形容词 （定语，表语，补足语，状语）

【4】数词 (主语，宾语，表语，定语，同位语）

【5】副词（表语，补足语，定语，状语）

【6】代词 (主语，宾语，表语，定语，同位语）

【7】名词短语 (主语，宾语，表语，状语，补足语，同位语）

【8】动词短语 （谓语）

【9】形容词短语（表语，状语，定语。补足语）

【10】介词短语 （定语，补足语，表语，状语）

【11】动名词 (主语，宾语，表语，定语）

【12】动名词短语 (主语，宾语，表语，定语）

【13】动词不定式(主语，宾语，表语，状语，定语，补足语，同位语）

【14】动词不定式短语(主语，宾语，表语，状语，定语，补足语，同位语）

【15】现在分词(状语，定语，补足语）

【16】现在分词短语(状语，定语，补足语）

【17】过去分词(表语，状语，定语，补足语）

【18】过去分词短语(表语，状语，定语，补足

【19】整个句子(主语，宾语，表语，）

【20】从句 (主语，宾语，表语，状语，定语，同位语)

【从句用来作主句某个成分，作什么成分就叫什么从句】 

【1】主语【主语即句子陈述对象，或者句子谓语动词动作的执行者或者动作发出者】

 ①人称主格代词【表示，我，你，他并放在谓语动词前的代替人/事物的代词】

They are from France.

I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday afternoon.

He is a good friend of mine.

It looks like a snake.

I am your English teacher.

You are my student.

He was a cook five years ago.

She was a student three years ago.【第3人称单数女她主格代词】

②名词/名词短语

Horses are useful animals.

A lot of people are watching an exciting basketball match now.

English is spoken by many people in the world.

The apples are my favorite fruit. 【名词】

③不定代词 【表示不指明代替的任何特定的名词，即人或者事物】

All is lost.

Nobody can help you except yourself.

None of the stories is interesting.

Neither of the stories is interesting.

Anyone in the city knows the famous singer.

Nobody wants to be defeated.

Is everyone here?

Nothing interesting is found in the newspaper..

Someone wants to see you.

No one in the class can work out the maths problem.

No one is in the classroom.

④数词 【表示数量和顺序的词】

Twenty percent of the students are from China. 【数词】

Seven and eight makes fifteen.

Ten is bigger than five . 【数词】

The first is better than the second 【数词】

⑤疑问代词【用来提出疑问的代词】

What makes you think so ? 【疑问代词】

Who can help me with my English? 【疑问代词】

Which of the following sentences is true? 【疑问代词】

⑥动名词/动名词短语【一种兼有动词和名词，形容词特点非限定性动词】

【动名词表示一种抽象的，习惯上的动作行为】

Smoking is not allowed here. 【动名词】

Running is good for health.

Wasting time is killing yourself.

Doing a thing is more difficult than saying a thing 【动名词短语】

Learning English well is very important . 【动名词短语】

Playing with fire is dangerous.

It is useless trying to argue with him.

It is fun working with you

⑦动词不定式/动词不定式短语【一种兼有动词，名词，形容词，副词特点非限定性动词】

【动词不定式表示一种具体的，特定的一次性行为动作】

To master a foreign language is of great importance 【动词不定式短语】

To become a nurse is my wish.

It is very important for us to learn English well . 【动词不定式短语】

It is very foolish of you to lend him money again.

It is very kind of you to see me off at the airport.

It is a waste of time to play computer games.

To say is much easier than to do. 【动词不定式】

It is impossible for them to finish the work within three days.

To refuse him this time is not easy.

It is +adj +for sb to do sth 结构（形容词一般为描述事件的特点，有difficult, dangerous, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary, )

It is difficult for us to complete the work in such a short time.

It is impossible for them to finish the project within six months.

It is not easy for Tom to learn Chinese.

It is +adj+of sb to do sth 结构（形容词一般为描述人的性格，品质，例如 kind, careful, careless, clever, foolish, nice, polite, wise)

It is kind of you to see me off at the airport.

It is wise of you to keep silent.

⑧整个句子【一个独立完整句子】

“How are you” is often used in daily life.

“I thank you” is often said by people who have been given help.

⑨从句 【从句用来作主句的主语，因此叫主语从句】（用来作主语的句子叫做主语从句）

What I said is absolutely true. 【从句】【主语从句】

That he forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused a lot of trouble.

Who will go there is not decided now. 【从句】【主语从句】

Where we will get so much money is a big problem. 【从句】【主语从句】

When I can finish the work is not known. 【从句】【主语从句】

【From Beijing to Guangzhou is about 3000 kilometers 介词短语作主语】

When he was born is unknown.

他生于何时还不知道。

What he did last night is being investigated.

他昨天晚上干了些什么正在调查之中。

在主语从句中须注意：

【2】谓语 【谓语即陈述主语的动作或者状态，由谓语动词充当】

She came here yesterday. 【简单动词】

I usually sleep for about eight hours every day.

I often listen to English radio. 【短语动词】

Tom turned on the TV and began to watch TV.

Mary turned off all the lights before going out

I met Tom’s parents in the street last night.

I enjoyed myself at Mary’s birthday party last night.

We should take good care of ourselves when we are alone. 【动词短语】

Mary often helps with housework at home.

My grandmother gets up very early every day.

We need to take off our clothes before going to bed

【3】宾语【宾语即动作的执行对象，或者动作的承受者或者接受者】

①名词作宾语

I liked English so much when I was an eight-year-old boy.

We love our motherland.

名词化形容词作宾语

We should help the poor.

有些动词可以接同源宾语

She lives a happy life.

Tom laughed a good laugh.

He died a glorious death.

I smiled a gentle smile.

They sang a song

He slept a good sleep

Mary dream a terrible a dream

②人称宾格代词作宾语

My parents love me so much.

Aunt gave me a toy car.

=Aunt gave a toy car to me.

She bought me a nice gift.

=She bought a nice gift for me.

He played us some light music.

=He played some light music for us.

【备注：接双宾语的及物动词：give, buy, make,send,tell,bring,sing,save,get,read,draw】

③指示代词作宾语

I dislike this , but I like that.

Where did you buy that ?

④不定代词作宾语

I have something important to tell you .

⑤疑问代词作宾语

What did Tom say just now?

Which do you like ?

Who do you like most ?

⑥动名词/动名词短语

John was considering buying a new car.

I enjoy listening to English songs.

I like watching TV.

I advise waiting until tomorrow.

They suggested seeing an exciting film.

Mary often practices playing the piano.

He gave up studying abroad.

Would you mind smoking here?

Can you imagine walking on the moon?

Tom can’t help laughing when he watched an interesting film

He denied borrowing fifty USD from me.

In order to avoid meeting him, Mary went in an opposite direction

【备注：接动名词作宾语及物动词有：finish, enjoy, mind, practice, consider, suggest, advise, keep, avoid,imagine, mention, give up, can’t help,deny 】

⑦动词不定式/动词不定式短语

I want to go swimming with Tom.

I wish to call on you.

She refused to answer all my questions.

Mary planned to spend her summer vacation in Beijing.

He choose to go to America for his further studies.

He hope to go there with me.

Tom offered to drive me home

We agree to lend some money to her

She managed to get rid of all her bad habits.

Tom pretended not to see me when he passed by me

My father can’t afford to buy a big house for us

I will expect to see you very soon.

【备注：接动词不定式作宾语及物动词有：want, refuse, decide, choose, desire, hope, wish, offer, plan,expect, agree, promise, manage,pretend, fail,ask, learn, demand,afford,prepare,determine】

⑧整个句子作宾语

We often say“How are you ”when we first meet someone

⑨从句作宾语（作动词，介词，形容词宾语）（用来充作宾语的句子叫做宾语从句）

He says that he will go to Beijing tomorrow.

Let me know whether you can come or not.

We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time

I don’t know if/whether it is true .

I don’t know where he lives.

I don’t know when he will come back.

I don’t know why he did that.

I think that Tom is sure to win the first prize.

We are talking about why we like the movie

Everything will depend on whether you agree with us.

Profession gave us a lecture about how we should learn English.

I am afraid that I can’t go with you

I am sure that I can pass the exam.

I am happy that you can help me with my English

He asked what you were doing last night. 

他问你昨天夜晚在干什么。

I didn’t know that he was wounded in the accident.

我原来不知道他在那事故中受了伤。

Can you explain why he didn’t come to the party last Sunday? 

你能解释上周星期日他为什么没有来参加聚会

【4】表语 【与系动词连用一起陈述主语的内容并说明主语的身份，特点，特征以及状态】

①形容词作表语

She is kind and beautiful.

Tom is so lazy .

We felt sad.

The film is interesting.

The apple is red.

Tom is clever.

Please remained seated until the plane has come to a complete stop.

The fish is still alive.

②名词作表语

He is a famous physician.

My father is a famous artist.

③指示代词作表语

What I want to say is this.

④数词作表语（基数词/序数词/分数词）

She is fifteen.

When I was five, my father took me to Beijing.

The population of the city is two million.

⑤介词短语作表语

We are in the classroom.

-Could you tell me where Simon is ?

-He is in the library .

The machine is out of date.

She was in her early twenties 

He is in his early thirties.

Tom is in trouble .

⑥副词作表语

They are there

I am here

They were away.

Traffic lights are on.

The traffic lights are off

Class is over at 3:30

⑦动词不定式/不定式短语

My dream is to become a pilot.

Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.

His aim is to break the world record.

Her proposal was to go there at once.

My wish is to become a writer.

8.动名词/动名词短语

Her job is taking care of babies.

The woman’s job is cleaning the floor.

His job is washing the dishes.

My hobby is collecting stamps.

His job is raising pigs.

Her job is teaching English.

9.从句作表语（当一个句子充当主句的表语时，这个主句就叫做表语从句）

My question is where we will get so much money.

The question is how we will set off tomorrow.

My idea is that he can teach children English in this school.

我的想法是他能够在这所学校教孩子们英语。

My hope is that he will keep it a secret for ever. 

我的希望是它将永远保守秘密。

 感觉如果是汉语的话，“第一个知道”的应该是定语吧，"人"才是表语吧。而现在把the first作为表语，把to learn about it作为定语，这样理解感觉挺别扭的，难道是因为中英文的不同？

你的理解是正确的

在英语中，当定语比较长时，一般放在被修饰名词的后面作后置定语，这和汉语刚好相反.