pass by 是及物动词短语吗？  与 go past的用法一样吗？

The train passed by us without stopping at the station.   =

The train went past us without stopping at the station.  

这两个句子是同义句吗？  

回答如下：

短语动词：既可是及物短语动词，也可以是不及物短语动词

【1】pass by 当及物短语动词+名词可以等于go past +名词

(1)vt. 从…旁边走过

I see them pass by my house every day.

我每天看见他们从我家旁边经过。

They passed by the martyr's tomb.

他们从烈士墓旁走过

【2】pass by 当不及物短语，后面不需要接宾语

(2)vi经过

They were injured when a parked car exploded as their convoy passed by.

他们的车队经过时，一辆停放着的汽车爆炸了，他们受了伤

He gave me a cheery wink as I passed by.
我走过的时候他亲切地朝我眨眨眼睛

I saw Xiao Yang walking by, shouldering two hoes.
我看到小扬扛着两把锄头从旁走过

特别备注几点

【1】pass为动词，past为介词

【2】pass+名词=go past+名词=pass by +名词（但是有细微差别）

【3】pass +名词（强调动作完成的结果）

【4】go past +名词=pass by +名词（强调动作进行的过程，含有经过时不停顿的意味）

(1)Soon our car passed theirs.(强调动作结果)

我们的车很快超过了他们的车。

(2)Soon our car passed by theirs.(强调动作进行过程)

我们的车很快地从他们的车旁经过。

【5】pass, pass by, go by都作不及物动词，用来指时间流逝

A week passed quickly.   
一星期很快就过去了

My grandmother was becoming more and more sad and frail as the years went by. 

随着时间的流逝，我的祖母变得日益伤感和虚弱。

Several years went by before they met again

他们过了好几年才再次见面