▲是的,could 表示过去的能力,通常只表示过去的一般能力,而不表示特定场合的能力。所谓“一般能力”就是指想做某事就随时可做某事的能力。如:
He could run very fast when she was young. 他小时候跑得很快。
My father could speak ten languages. 我父亲从前会说10种语言。
▲若要表示过去通过努力而获取的能力或在过去特定情况下所具备的能力,则通常不用could,而用be able to的过去式或用managed to。如:
I tried again and found I could swim I was able to swim. 我经过再次努力,就发现自己会游泳了。
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 宾馆里的火势蔓延得非常快,但每个人都顺利地逃出来了。
He was very ill for a time, but he managed to pull through. 有一段时间他病得很重,但他最后痊愈了。
▲在肯定句,我们不能用于could表示过去特定情况下的能力,但在否定句中却可以,即couldn’t和wasn’t able to可以互换。如:
I couldn’t [wasn’t able to] finish the job yesterday. 昨天我未能把工作做完。
比如下面一句,前面的分句为肯定式,故用了managed to,但不能用could;而后面的分句由于是否定句,故可用couldn’t,当然换成wasn’t able to也可以:
I managed to find the street, but I couldn’t find her house. 我想法找到了那条街,但是找不到她的房子。