书上说,英语只能说I hope not,不能说I don’t hope so。
问题一:为什么只能说I hope not,不能说I don’t hope so?有什么原因吗?
问题二:如果真是如此,除hope外还有哪些动词也是这样用的?
so和not常可用作分句替代词,代替前面已出现过分句的一部分或整个分句,以避免重复。这里so代替一个肯定句,not代替一个否定句。
▲用在think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose 等这些意为“认为”“相信”“设想”的动词后面,否定的替代有两种:... not / not ... so,因为这些动词的宾语从句的否定词能转移到前面的主句中。例如:
—Is he going to study abroad?
—I believe so. / I don’t believe so (I believe not).
▲表示“猜想”“希望”“担心”“恐怕”等意思的guess, hope, fear, I’m afraid等词语后面,所跟的是表示否定意义的宾语从句时,表示否定意义的替代形式只有一种,即 ... not。 例如:
—I think you will be admitted into Beijing University this summer.
—I hope so / I’m afraid not.
▲ so可替代hear, say, tell, notice, understand等动词后所跟的宾语从句,并常置于句首,以表示同意或证实对方的说法;也可用在say, tell之后以表示权威性;或用在动词do之后代替前面的短语。例如:
1. —Mary’s going to get married with Tom.
—Yes, so I heard.
2. —There is going to be a heavy sandstorm tomorrow.
—Yes. The newspapers says so. (权威性)
3. —How do you know that he is leaving soon?
—He told me so.
引自网络,原文见百度文库:
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▲凡是可以否定转移的动词(如think, believe, expect, suppose 等),它们的两种否定形式的基本含义是相同的。例如:
I don't think so. = I think not. (I don't think so. 更常用)
hope不是可以否定转移的动词,I hope not. 和 I don't hope so. 的含义不同:
I hope not. (我希望......不......) 中的not代替一个否定的宾语从句。
I don't hope so. 的意思是:“我不希望这样。”
例如:对Will it rain tomorrow ? 回答说可以说I hope not. (I hope not. = I hope it won't rain.) 不能说I don't hope so. 因为这里的 I don't hope so. = I don't hope “Will it rain tomorrow?” 意思不明确。
▲常见的与I hope not 结构类似的句子有:I believe not. / I fancy not. / I trust not. / I suppose not. / I expect not. / I think not. / I imagine not. / I should say not. / I'm afraid not. / I fear not. / I guess not. 但是,对think, believe, expect, suppose, fancy, imagine, say 来说,I don't. .. so 比 I. .. not 更常用。