今天随孩子上辅导班,老师讲现在完成时,我看课本上有“It is the first time that 与现在完成时连用”。但老师在黑板上写了一个例句:This is my first time that I have visited Beijing. 此处该用 the 的地方,写成了my,我怀疑老师写错了,请教老师,老师说此处用 my, your 之类可以。我回来后查了些资料,没找到这样的句型或例句,请教此处不用 the,而用物主形容词,可否?谢谢!
根据陈老师的建议,我也谈一下自己的看法:
This is the first time that I have visited Beijing. 这是我第一次参观北京。
▲结构分析
This is the first time为主句,that I have visited Beijing.为定语从句,修饰the time,that为关系副词,可以省略。因此,我们常说:This is the first time I have visited Beijing.
基本句式为:This (It, That) is the first (second, third) time that...
▲时态分析
This (It, That) is the first time that...须跟与现在完成时连用,这体现了“现在完成时”的另一个特点:对过去经历的总结。意味着从过去某个时间到说话时的经历总结(也可能是人一生所经历),这跟现在完成时的“动作发生在过去,一直持续到现在”,有某种关联,只不过是强调次数和经历而已。例如:
This is the first time in my life that I have taken part in such a grand celebration.这是我有生以来第一次参加如此盛大的庆典。
He has been abroad many times. 他多次出国。
I have met Mary twice.我见过玛丽两次。
This is the third cake you have eaten this morning.那是你今天早上吃的第三块蛋糕了。
同理,如果主句用“一般过去时”,那么从句应使用“过去完成时”,体现了“过去的过去”的特点,如:It was the first time that she had sung in public. 那是她首次公开演唱。
▲my first time 对不对?
有时,说话人在序数词之前加上物主代词,算不算对?例如:
This is my first time that I have visited Beijing.
That is his first time that he has won the game.
这样的句子,我虽然不多,但我也见到过。
我认为:这种表达,语法上没有问题,只是在语句上显得重复:my... I...,his...he...,从修辞角度看,最好不用物主代词。
▲补充说明
如果句子中没有出现表示“人”的主语,在time之后是不定式、表地点的介词短语甚至副词,而不是that从句,这时,需要在first time之前加上物主代词,暗示这个动作的实事者是谁。例如:
This is my first time to eat in your dining hall. 这是我第一次在你们的餐厅用餐。
This is my first time to cook chicken soup. 今天是我第一次做鸡汤。
This is my first time to see this spectacle. 这种景观我还是第一次见到呢。
Passenger: This is my first time in Qingdao. 乘客:这是我第一次来青岛。
Sorry, I don’t know that because this is my first time abroad. 对不起,我不知道,这是我第一次出国。
This is my first time in China. I’ve never been here before. 这是我第一次来中国,以前从没来过。
Sorry, I don't have a case history. This is my first time here. 对不起,我没有病历。这是我头一次来这儿。
这也解释了,在This is my first time that I have visited Beijing. 中用词重复的原因。
▲与Daniel老师商讨
对网友这个问题的解答和看法上,我们是一致的。但我不太同意您这句话,“我个人的观点是:语料语库里有的,不一定是规范的;语料库里没的有,最好不要用。”
在浩若烟海的英语句子中,国外语料库在收录时肯定是有规则和先决条件的,即使是电脑收录甄选,也是事先人为设置的。我们不能以此为研究语言的唯一依据,如果依赖语料库,那势必会产生遗漏。例如,上次讨论的 take a train for London 一例,其实,在词典和现实语言中却大量存在着。然语料库中根本没有这个用法的一个例句。
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估计不宜将定冠词换成物主代词,只是个人感觉,没找到相关的理论依据,不好下结论。这是一个看似简单但其实有点难的问题。请其他各位老师一起查查资料!
见过这样的句子:
This is my first time on an airplane.
It is my first time abroad and so I feel still excited and confused.
但未曾见过这样的句子:
This is my first time that I have been on an airplane.
It is my first time that I have been abroad and so I feel still excited and confused.
但是,在百度上可以查到不少用物主代词的句子,但不足以为证。像这样的问题,最好有出自原版词典的例句或用法说明。
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在英国国家语料库BNC中查了my first time that, his first time that, her first time that, my second time that, his second time that, her second time that, my third time that, his third time that, her third timethat,均均未查到一例。在如此信息海量的语料库内都查不到一例,估计是不能这样用。我个人的观点是:语料语库里有的,不一定是规范的;语料库里没的有,最好不要用。