英语常考重点词正误用法词典(word文档)

英语常考重点词正误用法词典(word文档)

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《英语常考重点词正误用法词典》(word文档)

 

A

 

a / an

十八岁生日是一件作常特别的大事。

误:Eighteenth birthday is very special occasion.

正:An eighteenth birthday is a very special occasion.

析:单数可数名词若泛指,其前需加 a / an,不要从汉语习惯出发,漏掉该不定冠词。本句中birthdayoccasion均为单数可数名词,在此均为泛指,故其前的不定冠词不可少。又如以下各句均为错句(均应在is后面加上不定冠词a):

误:Chess is very slow game. 国际象棋是很慢的运动项目。

误:“Smith” is very common family name.“史密斯”是一个很普通的姓。

误:He is very good example to the rest of the class. 他是全班同学的好榜样。

那个老太太忘记给我们讲过这个故事,她又讲了一遍。

误:The old lady forgot telling us the story and told us the second time.

正:The old lady forgot telling us the story and told us a second time.

析:要表示数量或序数的增加,要在序数词前用不定冠词。又如:

The law was passed on a second vote. 此法在第二次表决时通过。

Chesterfield snatched a third goal. 切斯特菲尔德攻入第三粒进球。

When Nash sat down, a fourth man rose to speak. 纳什坐下后,第四个人又起来发言。

这条路是单行道,不能往回开。

误:This is an one-way street; you can’t turn back.

正:This is a one-way street; you can’t turn back.

析:one-way (单向的,单行的) 虽然以元音字母o开头,但它的第一个音却不是元音,所以其前用 a 而不用 an。又如:

Write me a one-page summary of this report. 替我把这份报告写出一页纸的摘要。

Pay more attention to the children living in a one-parent family. 要多多关注生活在单亲家庭里的孩子。

I was hoping for a lasting affair, not just a one-night stand. 我希望的是长久恩爱,而不是一夜露水之欢。

电话是1876年发明的。

误:A telephone was invented in 1876.

正:The telephone was invented in 1876.

析:若是要概括整个类属,而不是谈及其中每一个,须用定冠词而不用不定冠词。如:

The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 老虎有绝种的危险。

 

abandon

他决定放弃这个计划。

误:He decided to abandon up the plan.

正:He decided to abandon the plan.

析:动词abandon (放弃、抛弃、遗弃)通常不与副词up连用。比较:give up the plan 放弃计划

他早年弃文学医。

误:In his early days he abandoned medicine to literature.

正:In his early days he abandoned medicine for literature.

析:abandon sth for sth 指的是主动地为某物而放弃另一物,abandon sth (sb) to sth 则通常指被动地放弃某物而将其被另一物取得。比较:abandon a city to invaders 丢下城市任入侵者占领;再比较:abandon oneself to despair 自暴,自弃


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