高考英语真题原创示例（之四）

■你知道高考英语的阅读理解七选五是怎样命题的吗？

●第一步：寻找材料

即从国外网站找材料——题材、体裁、内容当然是要符合命题要求。

●第二步：改编材料

即对从国外网站找来的材料进行改编——因为从国外网站找材料不一定可以直接使用。要改编的地方主要包括：

(1) 长度：若文章太长，要进行压缩或删节。

(2) 生词：若文章有超标单词，要进行改写或标注中文。

(3) 长难句：若文章有超出高考要求的长难句，要进行改写。

(4) 价值观：若文章中的句子有价值观问题，要删除或改写。

●第三步：正式命题

……

■下面以2021年-老高考-全国卷1-阅读七选五-为例看看高考题是如何改编材料的： 

▲材料来源网址：

https://www.splendidtable.org/story/2013/06/28/how-to-be-interesting-at-a-dinner-party

▲命题原始材料：

How to be interesting at a dinner party

I recently found myself invited to a dinner party. Between work and the kids, it had been one of those really long weeks. By Friday night at 7 p.m., I had nothing left. I arrived at the party exhausted with a bad case of dinner-party performance anxiety. I managed to muddle through, but that got me thinking about what it really takes to be interesting in a situation like that—I can’t be the only one.

I went straight to an expert, the woman who literally wrote the book on how to be interesting: Jessica Hagy, author of How to be Interesting. Her work appears on Indexed and Forbes.

“I think the dinner party is a great stage to showcase interesting in a lot of different ways,” Hagy says. “You can show up basically as an observer of other interesting people and let that be a learning experience for you, or you can show up and be a little bit more of the life of the party. But the main thing is to show up.

“The first step is to go exploring—if you’re out of your comfort zone, if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time—that’s one step in and of itself.”

Hagy doesn’t mean rummaging through your host’s medicine cabinet, closet or drawers. She means be adventurous, try different foods, engage strangers in conversation.

“Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers, because good conversation is a little bit like coaxing a feral cat out of a drain pipe,” she says. “You need bait, you need something to talk about, you need to be perceived as non-threatening, and you need to prepare yourself to be hissed or clawed at.

“People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “How do you know the host?” and “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to.

Here’s an example:

“Usually it’s, ‘How did you get here?’” Hagy says. “That brings in, ‘I have this old, broken-down vehicle’ or ‘I rode the bus with these crazy people who were doing witchcraft in the back.’ It just opens up conversation.”

There are extroverts who can keep an entire room rapt with their amazing stories or joke-telling abilities, and then there are the introverts.    

How to be Interesting

“Listening is a key way to not only take interesting information that you can share later, but to make other people feel interesting themselves,” Hagy says. “To coax people out of that shyness, just keep asking them questions.”

So what about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking?

“If you can’t take their wine away, you should definitely try to take away their soapbox,” Hagy says. “If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have no expertise and hope they won’t be able to weasel in and take that over so quickly.

“The domineering people are obstacles to good conversation with everyone. Once everyone realizes who that character is—for lack of a better term, the bore at the party—everyone becomes in cahoots with derailing him.”

And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence?

“If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone murmuring and talking again is to give the host a compliment,” Hagy says. “He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most. Just quickly turn around and say, ‘This souffle is magnificent and you have to tell me all about it.’”

So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard. It really boils down to just a few simple steps.

“I’d say there are three things you should always have in your pocket when you show up at a dinner party,” Hagy says. “Be ready to be a good listener, bring a gift for the hostess or the host, and offer to clean up at the end of it. Nothing says you’re really invested and paying attention like the willingness to help.”

▲改编后的高考真题(2021-老高考-全国卷1-阅读理解七选五-真题)：

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.

___36___, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.

People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. ____37 ___, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.

____38___? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. ___39___.

And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬). __40___. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”

So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.

A. How do you know the host

B. The first step is to go exploring

C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”

D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers

E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say

F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking

G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most

参考答案：36—40 BCFEG 

▲命题改编示例（逐段对照）：

1.加粗且变了颜色的部分为改写的单词或短语；

2.加黄色背景的部分为高考命题时删除的内容；

3.为方便阅读，我们将改编前后的材料分段排列。

4.注意：本题的改编删除的内容比较多。

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

I recently found myself invited to a dinner party. Between work and the kids, it had been one of those really long weeks. By Friday night at 7 p.m., I had nothing left. I arrived at the party exhausted with a bad case of dinner-party performance anxiety. I managed to muddle through, but that got me thinking about what it really takes to be interesting in a situation like that -- I can’t be the only one.

I went straight to an expert, the woman who literally wrote the book on how to be interesting: Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting. Her work appears on Indexed and Forbes.

“I think the dinner party is a great stage to showcase interesting in a lot of different ways,” Hagy says. “You can show up basically as an observer of other interesting people and let that be a learning experience for you, or you can show up and be a little bit more of the life of the party. But the main thing is to show up.

◎改编后的高考真题：

According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting,it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

“The first step is to go exploring—if you’re out of your comfort zone, if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time—that’s one step in and of itself.”

Hagy doesn’t mean rummaging through your host’s medicine cabinet, closet or drawers. She means be adventurous, try different foods, engage strangers in conversation.

◎改编后的高考真题：

___36___, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.

注：第36空填的答案是：The first step is to go exploring

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

“People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “How do you know the host?” and “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to.

Here’s an example:

“Usually it’s, ‘How did you get here?’” Hagy says. “That brings in, ‘I have this old, broken-down vehicle’ or ‘I rode the bus with these crazy people who were doing witchcraft in the back.’ It just opens up conversation.”

◎改编后的高考真题：

People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. ____37 ___, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.

注：第37空填的答案是：If you ask the question “How did you get here?”

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

So what about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking?

“If you can’t take their wine away, you should definitely try to take away their soapbox,” Hagy says. “If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have no expertise and hope they won’t be able to weasel in and take that over so quickly.

◎改编后的高考真题：

____38___? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. ___39___.

注：第38空填的答案是：What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking

第39空填的答案是：Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

“The domineering people are obstacles to good conversation with everyone. Once everyone realizes who that character is—for lack of a better term, the bore at the party—everyone becomes in cahoots with derailing him.”

And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence?

“If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone murmuring and talking again is to give the host a compliment,” Hagy says. “He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most. Just quickly turn around and say, ‘This souffle is magnificent and you have to tell me all about it.’”

So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard. It really boils down to just a few simple steps.

“I’d say there are three things you should always have in your pocket when you show up at a dinner party,” Hagy says. “Be ready to be a good listener, bring a gift for the hostess or the host, and offer to clean up at the end of it. Nothing says you’re really invested and paying attention like the willingness to help.”

◎改编后的高考真题：

And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬). __40___. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”

注：第40空填的答案是：He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most