高考英语真题原创示例（之二）

 ■你知道高考英语的阅读理解题是怎样命题的吗？

●第一步：寻找材料

即从国外网站找材料——题材、体裁、内容当然是要符合命题要求。

●第二步：改编材料

即对从国外网站找来的材料进行改编——因为从国外网站找材料不一定可以直接使用。要改编的地方主要包括：

(1) 长度：若文章太长，要进行压缩或删节。

(2) 生词：若文章有超标单词，要进行改写或标注中文。

(3) 长难句：若文章有超出高考要求的长难句，要进行改写。

(4) 价值观：若文章中的句子有价值观问题，要删除或改写。

●第三步：正式命题

即根据改编好的材料进行命题。一般说来，高考英语的阅读理解命题大致有以下几要规律：

(1) 与文章顺序同步：即命题的顺序通常会与文章的内容顺序大致一致，比如，若一般文章共有三个段落，假若要命题三道题，通常（当然不是“绝对”）第一题针对第一段，第二题针对第二段，第三题针对第三段。

(2) 合理分布考点：虽然在高考阅读理解题中，细节理解通常会占据较大的比例，但同时也要兼顾推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测等。

……

■下面以2021-老高考-全国卷Ⅰ-阅读理解B-为例看看高考题是如何改编材料的：

▲材料来源网址：

https://www.smh.com.au/technology/when-will-aussies-retire-their-home-phone-20170731-gxm209.html

▲命题原始材料：

When will Aussies retire their home phone?

When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline?

Since the birth of the iPhone ten years ago, more and more Australians are questioning why they're still paying for a home phone. Apple didn't invent the smartphone, but the iPhone helped transform mobile phones from a business tool—for tradies and stockbrokers—into a must-have consumer gadget.

These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone, in fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. We might not all be packing the latest and greatest smartphones, but practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.

Despite this, 55 per cent of Australians still have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely solely on their smartphones, according to a finder.com.au survey. Keep in mind that this is an online-only survey, so it's not capturing seniors who still have a home phone and don't use the internet.

Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 per cent say they never use it while a further 13 per cent keep it in case of emergencies. I confess my home falls into that category.

Of course once you move to the NBN your home phone will likely die when your broadband line is down or the power goes out, making a mobile phone more practical in an emergency (assuming the local cell tower isn't flooded).

Some people will also balk at the idea of keeping their landline on the NBN when they discover that they probably need to rewire their home to connect their handsets to their broadband modem.

I know people who've unplugged their home phone because the only incoming calls are from telemarketers. These friends are on a Telstra cable bundle which gives them a home phone line whether they want it or not, so when the NBN reaches their street you can be sure they'll be quick to ditch their landline.

Despite all this, more than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age demographics are naturally a factor—only 58 per cent of Gen Ys still use landlines occasionally, compared to 84 per cent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor, I'd say it's also to do with the makeup of your household.

Gen Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a communal home phone rather than issuing a mobile phone to every family member, or have us fielding every call on our mobiles. The school has our mobile numbers for emergencies, but we don't need everyday calls ringing in our pockets—especially when you're travelling for work.

That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it). Realistically they're the only people we'd need to notify if we ditched our landline.

I tell myself the home phone is also for the benefit of our children, while my teenage son half-heartedly complains about not having his own mobile phone to the point that it's become a running joke.

That said, I'm not sure he'd actually think to pick up the phone even if he had one. On the weekends he tries to reach his friends via Steam Chat to see if they're free to hang out, while we keep asking “why don’t you just ring his house?” You can be sure our son won’t be in a rush for pay for a landline when he moves out of home.

How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?

▲改编后的高考真题(2021-老高考-全国卷1-阅读理解B-真题)：

When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline (座机)?

These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.

Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey (调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.

More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor (因素)—only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.

Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).

How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?

24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?

A. Their target users.

B. Their wide popularity.

C. Their major functions.

D. Their complex design.

25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?

A. Admit.                   B. Argue.

C. Remember.          D. Remark.

26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?

A. They like smartphone games.

B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.

C. They keep using landline phones.

D. They are attached to their family.

27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?

A. It remains a family necessity.

B. It will fall out of use some day.

C. It may increase daily expenses.

D. It is as important as the gas light.

▲命题改编示例（逐段对照）：

1.加粗且变了颜色的部分为改写的单词或短语；

2.加黄色背景的部分为高考命题时删除的内容；

3.为方便阅读，我们将改编前后的材料分段排列。

4.注意：本题的改编删除的内容比较多。

◎改编前的原始材料：

When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline?

◎改编后的高考真题：

When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline (座机)?

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

Since the birth of the iPhone ten years ago, more and more Australians are questioning why they’re still paying for a home phone. Apple didn’t invent the smartphone, but the iPhone helped transform mobile phones from a business tool—for tradies and stockbrokers—into a must-have consumer gadget.

These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone, in fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. We might not all be packing the latest and greatest smartphones, but practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.

◎改编后的高考真题：

These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

Despite this, 55 per cent of Australians still have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely solely on their smartphones, according to a finder.com.au survey. Keep in mind that this is an online-only survey, so it’s not capturing seniors who still have a home phone and don’t use the internet.

Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket—19 per cent say they never use it while a further 13 per cent keep it in case of emergencies. I confess my home falls into that category.

◎改编后的高考真题：

Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey (调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

Of course once you move to the NBN your home phone will likely die when your broadband line is down or the power goes out, making a mobile phone more practical in an emergency (assuming the local cell tower isn’t flooded).

Some people will also balk at the idea of keeping their landline on the NBN when they discover that they probably need to rewire their home to connect their handsets to their broadband modem.

I know people who’ve unplugged their home phone because the only incoming calls are from telemarketers. These friends are on a Telstra cable bundle which gives them a home phone line whether they want it or not, so when the NBN reaches their street you can be sure they’ll be quick to ditch their landline.

Despite all this, more than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age demographics are naturally a factor—only 58 per cent of Gen Ys still use landlines occasionally, compared to 84 per cent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor, I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.

◎改编后的高考真题：

More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor (因素)—only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

Gen Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a communal home phone rather than issuing a mobile phone to every family member, or have us fielding every call on our mobiles. The school has our mobile numbers for emergencies, but we don’t need everyday calls ringing in our pockets – especially when you’re travelling for work.

That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).Realistically they’re the only people we’d need to notify if we ditched our landline.

◎改编后的高考真题：

Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

I tell myself the home phone is also for the benefit of our children, while my teenage son half-heartedly complains about not having his own mobile phone to the point that it’s become a running joke.

That said, I’m not sure he’d actually think to pick up the phone even if he had one. On the weekends he tries to reach his friends via Steam Chat to see if they’re free to hang out, while we keep asking "why don’t you just ring his house?" You can be sure our son won’t be in a rush for pay for a landline when he moves out of home.

How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?

◎改编后的高考真题：

How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?