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2017版高中英语新课标词汇

教学参考资料（配新教材）

advance

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▲advance / ədˈvɑ:ns /（高中必修单词）

【备考词义】

v.1.[I,T]（使）前进，（使）行进 2.[I]进步，进展 3.[I,T]增加，增长 4.[T]促进，推动，改进 5.[I,T]升职，晋升 6.[T]提出 7.[T]预支 8.[T]提前

n.1.[C,U]前进，行进 2.[C,U]进步，进展 3.[C]上涨，提高 4.[C]预付款

adj.预先的

【学习要点】

A. 用作动词

1. 主要词义及用法

(1) [I,T]前进，行进：通常不及物，主要指位置移动（=move forward）。如：

The crowd advanced towards the station. 人群向车站前进。

The soldiers advanced on the enemy. 战士向敌军(阵地)推进。

有时也用作及物动词（在近10年高考题中很少出现），表示“使…向前移动”“使…前进”。如：

He advanced the hands of a clock. 他把时钟的指针往前拨。

The film is advanced by an electric motor. 影片由电动机带动放映。

【谚语】He who does not advance falls backward. 逆水行舟，不进则退。

(2) [I]进展，进步：指取得进步或有所进展。如：

One advances in modesty as one advances in knowledge. 一个人知识越多越谦虚。

Has the civilization advanced during this century? 文明在这个世纪里有所进步吗？

Medical technology has advanced considerably. 医学技术突飞猛进。

Computer technology has advanced enormously. 电脑技术有长足的进展。

As medical science advances, treatments are becoming more and more expensive. 随着医学的发展，治疗费用越来越高了。

Our understanding of this disease has advanced rapidly in recent years. 近年来我们对于这种疾病的认识有了很大的进步。

(3) [I,T]上涨，增加：主要用于数量、价格、比率等。如：

Food prices have advanced rapidly this year. 食品价格今年上涨迅速。

Wages have continued to advance. 工资持续上涨。

The cost of labour and materials has advanced beyond all reason. 人工成本和原料成本都很不合理地上涨了。

The price of goods advances faster than peoples’ wages. 物价上涨(的速度)比人们的工资(增长速度)快。

These measures are intended to keep landlords from advancing [=raising] rents unfairly. 这些举措旨在防止房东不合理地抬高房租。

(4) 促进，推动，改进

It was a chance to advance his own interests. 这是个促进他自己利益发展的机会。

Passing your exams will advance your career. 考试及格会有助你的事业发展。

We are working to advance the cause of world peace. 我们正致力于促进世界和平事业。

※真题例句※（此词义在近10年高考题中出现较多）

She decided to go back to college to advance her career. 她决定重返大学学习，以促进自己的事业。(2020新全国卷Ⅰ阅B)

At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language learning with advanced technology. 兰科姆的核心是一种世界级的有效方法，它以先进的技术促进语言学习。(2020北京卷阅A)

What is the theme of this year’s competition?—Technology advances science. 今年比赛的主题是什么？——科技推动科学进步。(2019天津卷阅A)

(5) [I,T]升职，晋升：主要指职务的晋升。如：

He has advanced only one degree in promotion. 他只晋升了一级。

The soldier advanced rapidly through the ranks. 这名士兵晋升得很快。

He was advanced [=promoted] from clerk to assistant manager. 他从职员晋升为副经理。

(6) [T]提出：指提出建议、想法、要求、理论、论点、证据、假设等。如：

The theory was advanced by the Great Einstein. 这理论是伟大的爱因斯坦提出的。

He advanced a large claim for damages. 他提出了一大笔赔偿要求。

Many theories were advanced and rejected. 许多理论被提出后又被否定。

He advanced the thesis that too much choice was burdensome to people. 他提出这样一种论点：太多的选择对人是一种负担。

※真题例句※（属高考题中的“熟词生义”）

Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved. 科学家提出过很多关于人类为什么能哭出眼泪的理论，但没有一个得到了证实。(2016浙江卷单选）

(7) [T]预支：主要用于工资、资金、费用等。如：

Can you advance me a month’s salary? 你可否预支给我一个月的薪水?

We are willing to advance the money to you. 我们愿意预付款项给你。

I asked the school to advance the funds for my trip. 我向学校请求预付我的旅行费用。

(8) [T]提前：主要用于时间或日期。如：

The date of the meeting was advanced from Friday to Thursday. 会议日期已由星期五提前到星期四。

The date of the trial has been advanced by one week. 审判日期提前了一星期。

2. 近10年高考题中出现过的派生词：

□advancement n.[C,U]前进；进步；进展；晋升：

They have been unable to slow the advancement of the enemy troops. 他们无法减缓敌军行进的速度。

Their lives were devoted to the advancement of science. 他们献身于科学的进步。

The job offers good opportunities for advancement. 这份工作有很好的晋升机会。

There is plenty of room for advancement within the company. 在该公司内部有足够的晋升空间。

※真题例句※

Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. 尽管3D食品打印最近有了一些进展，但该产业仍有许多挑战要克服。(2018天津卷阅C)

□advanced adj.高级的；先进的；晚期的：

advanced education 高等教育

advanced mathematics 高等数学

advanced studies 高深的研究

advanced ideas 先进的思想

It is looked upon as very advanced. 它被认为是很先进的。

Some of our products have reached advanced world levels. 我们有的产品已达到了世界先进水平。

His grandfather died at an advanced age of 112. 他祖父在112岁高龄时去世。

※真题例句※

Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. 从那时开始，我学习了数据科学、高等数学之类的课程。(2016北京卷阅A)

Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. 由于先进技术的发展，我们生活在一个沟通更加便利的年代。(2015北京卷阅D)

The competition has two levels, the beginners and the advanced. 比赛有两个等级，初学者等级和高级等级。(2015湖南卷听力)

注：有关advanced的更多用法，请参见：

https://www.cpsenglish.com/article/595

B. 用作名词

1. 主要词义及用法

(1)[C,U]前进，行进

No difficulty can stop our advance. 任何困难都不能阻止我们前进。

The army’s advance was very slow. 军队的前进速度非常缓慢。

No one can halt the advance of history. 没人能咀挡历史的前进。

(2) [C,U]进步，进展

advance in one’s studies 学业进步

Science has made great advances in the last fifty years. 在过去的50年中，科学进步得很快。

Recent advances in medical technology have saved countless lives. 近来，医学技术的进步挽救了无数的生命。

Advances in technology have made our lives easier. 技术的进步使我们的生活变得更容易。

※真题例句※（此用法属于近10年高考题中的高频词义）

It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives. 我们希望，在未来几十年里，科学的进步将提供新的视角。(2021新全国卷I阅D)

We believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made. 我们相信这将是有史以来最重要和最有益的科学进步之一。(2020北京卷阅D)

It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology. 它不再让人们像所有这些科技进步出现以前那样感觉孤单了。(2019全国卷II阅C)

(3) [C]上涨，提高

It will cause an advance in price. 这将会导致价格上涨。

The workers won wage advances. 工人们争取到了工资的上涨。

The advance in the cost of living is hard to keep up with. 很难跟上生活费用的上涨。

(4) [C]预付款

She asked for an advance on her salary. 她请求预支薪水。

The advance must be repaid to the publisher if the work is not completed on time. 如果作品没有按时完成，预付款必须返还给出版商。

They claimed that he had trousered a￡2 million advance. 他们声称他私吞了200万英镑的预付款。

2. 重点短语及用法

(1) in advance 事先，提前：

Neil went in advance to say that we were coming. 尼尔先走一步说我们就来。

Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in. 只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。

※真题例句※（在近10年高考题用得很高频）

Make reservations in advance. 提前预订。(2017全国卷Ⅲ阅A)

Which tour do you need to book in advance? 哪一项骑行游需要提前预定？(2018全国卷Ⅰ阅A)

Next time you visit Bob, remember to give him a call in advance. 下次你去拜访鲍勃时，记得提前给他打个电话。(2020天津卷单选)

To collect your replacement card, you should call the police station in advance. 要领取更换卡，你应该提前致电警察局。(2020天津卷5月阅A)

He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party. 他会提前打电话以确保聚会上没有酒。(2017天津卷阅表)

We require the student’s full flight details at least 4 weeks in advance. 我们要求学生至少提前4周提供完整的航班信息。(2016天津卷阅A)

To catch the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 为了赶早班飞机，我们提前订了出租车，而且起床很早。(2015北京卷单选)

This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you in advance that if you smoked here you would be fined. 这个会议室是“无烟区”。我想提前提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，你会被罚款的。(2015湖北卷单选)

I’d appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. 如果你能提前让我知道你是否会来，我将很感激。(2014陕西卷单选)

Just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. 在过去的20年里只有12%的救灾基金被用在提前降低灾难带来的风险上，而不是用在事后恢复生产和家园重建上。(2016江苏卷阅C)

(2) in advance of在…之前：

He came well in advance of the rest of the group. 他比组里其他人来得早。

※真题例句※

When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy. 当学生们在上课之前被告知我的这条规定后，他们中有些人很不高兴。(2011北京卷阅C)

C. 用作形容词

教材中没有出现advance的形容词用法，许多同学们对此也不熟悉，但它在高考题却并不少见，属典型的“熟词生义”用法。该词在使用时，只用于名词前作定语，不用作表语。advance 用作形容词时，意思是“预先的”，注意与过去分词转化来的形容词advanced意思不同。如：

I have received an advance payment. 我已收到一笔预付款。

We received no advance warning of the storm. 我们没有预先收到暴风雨的警报。

※真题例句※

Advance reservations required.（本句在原文中用作广告语，句子省略了动词are）需要提前预约。(2017全国卷Ⅲ阅A)

Keepers sometimes had advancenotice. 看守人有时会提前得到通知。(2015湖南卷阅C)

Oscar convinced the manager to look in the record of advanceticket sales. 欧斯卡说服经理帮忙看一下预售票的记录。(2012浙江卷完形)

【单词档案】

1.属课标内单词，2003版课标和2017版课标均有收录。

2.根据《高考英语备考1号》（陈根花主编，湖南大学出版社2021年版），该词在近10年高考英语真题中的频序和频次如下：

〖频序〗966。

频序指的是以3000课标词汇作为比较范围该词在近10年高考题中出现的频率排序，本词的频序966表示它在3000个课标词汇中排位966（即966/3000）。

〖频次〗近十年52次，近五年21次，近三年10次。[高频词汇]

根据《高考英语备考1号·词汇编》的大数据统计（其中数词、人称代词、物主代词、星期名词、月份名词等86个单词另行统计）：

高频词汇（共993个）：在近10年高考题中出现次数为51次及以上；

中频词汇（共988个）：在近10年高考题中出现次数为14至50次；

低频词汇（共933个）：在近10年高考题中出现次数为13次及以下。

本词属于高考中的“高频词汇”。

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