during which与during which time之异同

曾克辉（湖北·武汉）

一、during which的用法：

during which相当于during the time / the period / the course of …，既可用于限制性定语从句也可用于非限制性定语从句；可指时间，也可指过程或阶段等。意为“在……期间；在……过程中；在……阶段”等。

1.   during which 用于限制性定语从句时，修饰对象为先行词，先行词在定语从句中表“在……期间；在……过程中”。如：

September and October are the months of the year during which most English people take their holidays. 一年中9、10两个月是大多数英国人休假的月份。

说明：句中的during which = and during the time of the months of the year表“一年中的这两个月间”。

In 1988, Vietnam and china fought a brief naval battle during which more than 70 Vietnamese sailors died. 1988年，越南和中国曾进行过一次小规模海战，70多名越南士兵在战斗中丧生。

说明：句中的during which = and during the course of the brief naval battle 表“小规模海战期间”。

2.   during which 用于非限制性定语从句时，不修饰整个句子，只修饰句子中的某个词（组），被修饰的词（组），在从句中表“在……期间；在……过程中”。如：

She kept her vow for a week, during which she was unusually cross and fretful.  她信守誓言有一星期之久，但在这一星期内，她显得五心烦躁，动不动就发脾气。

说明：句中的during which = and during the time of the week 表“在这一星期期间”。

He died in the Anti-Japanese War, during which my grandfather fought side by side with him. 他在抗日战争中为国捐躯，在抗战期间，我祖父曾与他并肩战斗过。

说明：句中的during which = and during the period of the Anti-Japanese War表“在抗日战争期间”。

二、during which time的用法：

during which time 相当于 during the time when / that-clause，指时间概念，表示“在……期间”。

1.   during which time通常用于非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的主句，侧重点不在于主句中的时间名词，而是整个句子。如：

It took two years for me to get better, during which time he spoon-fed me and did absolutely everything around the house.  我过了两年时间才好起来，其间他喂我进食，并承担全部的家务。

说明：句中的during which time = and during the time when / that it took two years for me to get better 表“我过了两年时间才好起来”的整个过程。

He spent four years in college, during which time he studied medicine. 他上了四年大学，这期间他学了医学。

说明：句中的during which time = and during the time when / that he spent four years in college表“他上了四年大学”的整个过程。

2.    during which time间或用于限制性定语从句，但仍是说明前面整个主句，所表达的还是非限制性定语从句的意义。如：

She lived for only seven weeks during which time her sister, Victoria, bought her a small teddy bear. 她只活了7周，在这期间，她的姐姐维多利亚给她买了一个小泰迪熊。

说明：句中的during which time = and during the time when / that she lived for only seven weeks表“她活了7周”这段时间。

三、during which 与during which time的异同：

during which修饰主句中表“时间、时期、阶段”等的词（组），而during which time修饰整个句子，在非限制性定语从句中它们的侧重点也有所不同。请看金山词霸上的两个例句：

A year passed, during which the scarecrow turned philosopher. 一年过后, 稻草人变成了哲学家。
说明：定语从句修饰a year这个词。

Half an hour passed, during which time the ark had been slowly stealing over the water. 半小时过去了，这时船在湖面上无声无息地缓缓滑行。

说明：定语从句修饰Half an hour passed整个句子。

再请看“2010年江西省名校高考信息卷（一）”的单项选择题的第25小题：

25. They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the beer I had.

A. for which    B. which time    C. during which time    D. during which

答案是Ｃ。

说明：其实，这道题不应将during which和during which time同时列入选择项，D选项也是对的，修饰对象变成了three weeks，但意义略有差别。所以，严格地说，这道题的命题还是不够严谨的。而2005年高考英语（重庆卷）就很好地避免了during which和during which time两个选项同时出现的情况。如：

Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, ______ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union.（答案是A）

A. during which time   B. for which time   C. during whose time   D. by that time

▲   综上所述，during which和during which time在用于非限制性定语从句时，它们在意义表达上和侧重点上还是有所不同的。