关于at the age of...能否用作表语的讨论
■倪肖丁(西安)
【问】下面是1993年上海高考题的一道选择题:
He looked quite healthy though he was ________.
A. in seventy B. in his seventy C. at seventies D. at the age of seventy
公布的答案为D。但我老师说at the age of…不能作表语,只能当状语。请问老师的说法对吗?
【答】你们老师的说法对了一半。
首先,at the age of…这一结构通常是用作状语的,比如说Shakespeare died at the age of fifty-two。或者也可以省略the age of, 说Shakespeare died at fifty-two,或Shakespeare died at fifty-two years of age等等。
要说一个人多大年龄,表语应该直接用数词,或“数词+years old/of age”。例如:
He’s sixty (years old).
He’s sixty years of age.
也可以说:
He’s aged sixty (years).
类似He is at the age of sixty这样的句子不符合英语习惯用法。例如,Longman Essential Activator (上海外教版2002) 指出:at the age of…用于表示某事发生时某人的年龄多大(use this to say how old when something happened)。例如:He died in 1995 at the age of 73. 该书明确指出:Don’t say “His age is 49” or “I’m at the age of 27”. Say He is 49 or I’m 27.
英语惯用法专著Practical English Usage (2005)也有如下提醒:
When I was your age I was working. (NOT When I was at your age ... )
LDCE直接将I’m at the age of 22判为错句,要求改为I’m 22 (years old);国内雷馨的《英语分类句型》和马秉义的《实用英语句型500例》等也有类似的明确论述。
由此可知,当要表示“某人多少岁数”时,介词短语at the age of…(或at …years of age)这一结构可用作时间状语,而不能作表语。从这一点讲,你们老师的意见是对的,上述高考题把at the age…结构用作he was 的表语是不恰当的。
但另一方面,如果认为at the age of...这样的介词短语在任何情况下都不用作表语,那就不对了。例如,当表示某个行为在某个年龄段发生,at the age of...用作表语没有问题。例如:
The singer's first public appearance was at the age of eight. (OALD)
下面分析一下2013年浙江省英语高考试题第8小题:
Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam _____ at the age of six months old.
A. was B. be C. were D. is
这个题的答案为B. be
显然,at the age of...在句中用作表语。这本来没有问题,因为此处表示孩子的首次眼科检查应该在六个月大的时候进行。
但这个题的题干设计实际上也存在缺陷。
通常,at the age of 后接数词就结束了,默认是“年”岁;如果是“月”岁,则后加months。例如:
The patient was able to walk at the age of six months. (ERUSG)
但无论是at the age of six还是at the age of six months,习惯上后面都不会再用old。所以题干中at…old这样的搭配是不恰当的。如要用…old,可改为when he was six months old。
如此看来,at the age of...并不如想象中那样简单。
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