1. 除了安排孩子们上床睡觉之外，他在家里什么事都干。

(1) He does everything in the house except put the children to bed.

(2) He does everything in the house except putting the children to bed.

(3) He does everything in the house but put the children to bed.

(4) He does everything in the house but puting the children to bed.

【说明】上述用法来自A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language by Randolph Quirk et al (1985)第9.58节，但but doing的用法较少见。

2. 这就是我付高价买来的那辆车。

(1) This is the car that I paid a high price for.

(2) This is the car which I paid a high price for.

(3) This is the car I paid a high price for.

(4) This is the car for which I paid a high price.

【说明】pay a high price for ... 的意思是“为（买）...... 支付高价”；如果先行词是表示事物的词语，关系代词是定语从句中介词的宾语，介词不在从句开头时，关系代词可以用 which或者 that，也可以省略；如果介词放在从句开头，就只能用“介词+which”，而不能用“介词+that”，也不能省略关系代词。

3. 她总是严格要求自己而且工作非常努力，已经晋升为经理。

(1) He is always very strict with himself and works very hard, for which he has been promoted (to be a) manager.

(2) Because he is always very strict with himself and works very hard, he has been promoted (to be a) manager.

(3) He is always very strict with himself and works very hard, so he has been promoted (to be a) manager.

(4) Being always very strict with himself and working very hard, he has been promoted (to be a) manager.

【说明】be promoted for ... 的意思是“由于[因为] ......被晋升”。其中的“for ...”是介词短语，作原因状语。第（1）句中的 for which he has been promoted (to be a) manager是一个非限制性定语从句，它的先行词是整个主句He is always very strict with himself and works very hard；第（2）句是一个含有原因状语从句的主从复合句；第（3）句是一个并列句；第（4）中的 Being always very strict with himself and working very hard 是现在分词短语，作原因状语。