much, very much 和very 表示“非常”“十分”用法比较
much, very much 和 very 都可以表示“非常”、“十分”的意思,但是有时候不能互换使用。
1.如果过去分词是动词被动式的组成部分,其前面可以用 much 或者 very much,不能用 very 。如:
He’s (very) much admired by his students.他的学生十分十分钦佩他。 (不能说:He’s very admired ...)(《牛津英语用法指南》第四版96.8节)
Britain’s trade position has been (very) much weakened by inflation. 英国的贸易地位被通货膨胀大大削弱了。(不能说:... very weakened ...)(同上)
He was much loved by all who knew him. 认识他的人都很喜欢他。 (《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第8版p.1334)
2.如果过去分词用作形容词(在词典中,这些词的词性通常标明为 adj. 或者 a.), 通常与 very 连用,特别是一些表示精神状态、感觉和反应的过去分词。如:
a very frightened animal 一只严重受惊的动物(不能说:a much frightened animal)(《牛津英语用法指南》第四版96.8节)
a very shocked expression 十分震惊的表情(同上)
The children were very bored. 孩子们感到很厌烦。(同上)
She looked very surprised. 她看上去一副很惊讶的样子。(同上)
在 mistaken 前面,much 和very much都可以用,但是不能用very :
That’s Alice, unless I’m (very) much mistaken . 那人就是艾丽斯,除非我(完全)搞错了。(不能说:... unless I’m very mistaken.)(《牛津英语用法指南》第四版96.8节)
very, very much 和much 都可以与amused 连用:
I was very amused / much amused / very much amused by Miranda’s performance . 我看了米兰达的表演,感到非常开心。(《牛津英语用法指南》第四版96.8节)
【注意】在 known的前面要用 well 表示“非常”、“很”的意思:
He’s well known in the art world. 他在艺术界是位知名人士。(不能说:... very known ...)(《牛津英语用法指南》第四版96.8节)
3.like 表示“像......”的意思时,可以被very 或者much 或者 very much 修饰。如:
He is very /much / very much like his father. 他很像他的父亲。
4.在某些表示喜欢、爱好等概念的动词之前可以用 much或者 very much,但是不能用very。如:
I much appreciate your help. 我非常感激你的帮助。(《牛津英语用法指南》
第四版165.7节)
We much prefer the country to the town. 我们喜欢乡下,不怎么喜欢城里。
(同上)
I very much like your new hairstyle. 我非常喜欢你的新发型。(同上)
【注意】very much也可以放在宾语后面,但是不能放在宾语前面。如:
I like your new hairstyle very much. = I very much like your new hairstyle.
Thank you very much for the flowers. 非常感谢你的这些花。(《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第8版p.1354)
5.在afraid 用very much 或者very 都可以,后者为口语用法。如:
She looks very much afraid. 她看起来非常害怕。(《英汉多功能词典》新编升级版p.30)
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