极易出错的动词陷阱题
■柯选编（长沙）
1. “What made her struggle _____ an artist so hard?”
“____ she was a woman.”
A. became, 不填 B. to become, 不填
C. become, That D. to become, That
【解析】此题容易误选C，想当然地认为第一空应填 become (不带to)，是因为其前有使役动词 made。其实，此题应选D，在 What made her struggle to become an artist so hard? 一句中，what 是句子主语，made 是谓语，her struggle to become an artist 是宾语 (其中的不定式 to become an artist 是修饰her struggle 的定语)，so hard 是宾语补足语。许多同学误选C是将 her struggle 看作宾语，而将 become an artist 看作是宾语补足语，照此分析，so hard 又是什么成分呢？第二空填 That，用以引导主语从句 (此 that 不可省略)，其后的谓语和宾语等被省略，若补充完整，即为 That she was a woman made her struggle to
become an artist so hard.
2. Now everyone here was working hard and doing what
they could _______ more money.
A. make B. to make
C. making
D. made
【解析】此题容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词 could 就断定此处应填动词原形 make。其实正确答案应是B，此句为省略句，即在 could 后省略了动词 do，若把句子补完整应为Now everyone here was working hard and doing what they
could do to make more money，即句中的不定式短语(to make more money)是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句：
(1) My parents did
what they could _____ my aunt and uncle.
A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped
(2) He read what
he could _____ his knowledge.
A. widen B. to widen C. widening D. widened
以上两题均选B，即选不定式，且此不定式为目的状语。但是，同学们若据此形成思维定势，也会麻烦。为此，请再看两题：
(3) He ran as fast
as he could ____to catch the bus.
A. hope B. to hope C. hoping D. hoped
此题的最佳答案不是B，而是C，其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the bus 用作伴随状语，即一边跑一边希望能赶上早班车。但是，如果选B，将 to hope to catch the bus 视为目的状语行不行呢？不行。因为“他拼命地跑”目的是“为了赶上公共汽车”，而不是“为了希望赶上公共汽车”，换句话说，将“希望”作为“目的”不妥。因为同样的原因，下面一题也应选 hoping：
He studied as hard
as he could _____ to enter a good college.
A. hope B. to hope C. hoping D. hoped
(4) He spent every
minute he could ______ foreign languages.
A. study B. to study C. studying D. studied
此题也应选C，但是，它与上题选现在分词 hoping 表伴随有所不同，此题的 studying 其实与其前的动词 spend 有关，即套用的是“spend + 时间或金钱 + (in) doing sth”这一句型。
3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time
for sports.
A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing
C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing
【解析】此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下：
(1) devote 意为“致力于，献身于”，主要用于 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定式。
(2) 选A错误：若将 do 改为 doing 则可以。
(3) 选B正确：all her time devoted to doing experiments为独立主格结构，用作状语。
(4) 选C错误：因为all her time 与 devote 为被动关系，故应将devoting改为devoted。
(5) 选D错误：若单独看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并没有错，但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式，所以从整体上看仍不对，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，则可选D，或将D中的is 改为 being也可以。
4. Anyone ______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped
by the police.
A. seen carry B. seen
carrying
C. saw to carry D. saw carrying
【解析】此题答案选B，anyone seen carrying bags…为 anyone who was seen carrying bags 之略，其中过去分词短语 seen carrying bags …用作定语修饰代词 anyone。另外，句中的 who was seen carrying bags 为 see sb doing sth 这一结构的被动式。
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