副词 aloud, loud 和loudly 的用法比较

湖北武汉 黎反修

aloud, loud 和loudly 都可以作为副词, 修饰表示声音的动词, 但是用法并非完全相同。

aloud的意思是“出声地, 大声地”, 强调出声, 表示发出的声音能够被听得见, 听得清。例如：

The teacher listened to the children reading aloud. 老师听着孩子们朗读。（摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第8版p.56）

He read the letter aloud to us. 他把信念给我们听。（同上）

She cried aloud in protest. 她大声抗议。（同上）

The boy almost cried aloud. 那个男孩几乎哭出声来。

Will you please read the poem aloud? 请你朗读这首诗, 好吗？（摘自《朗文多功能英汉双解词典》第五版p.42）

He cried aloud with pain. 他痛得叫出了声。（同上）

The teacher would read aloud to the group. 老师会大声地念给全组听。（摘自《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》p.58）

loud指声音大, 传得远。其意思是“大声地, 响亮地”, 通常与shout, speak, talk, laugh, read, sing, cry等动词连用, 但并非总是如此。只能放在动词后面。例如：

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第8版指出：“Loud is very common as an adverb in informal language. It is nearly always used in phrases such as loud enough, as loud as or with too, very, so, etc. loud作非正式用语常为副词, 几乎总是用于loud enough、as loud as等短语中, 或与too、very、so等词连用：

Don’t play your music too loud. 你播放音乐声音别太大。I shouted as loud as I could. 我声嘶力竭地喊着。”(p.1238)

My mum says I play my music too loud. 我妈妈说我放的音乐声音太大了。（摘自《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》p.1251）

Don’t talk so loud. 别这么大声说话。（同上）

loudly是常用副词, 使用范围比较广, 不但可以指发音器官发出的声音大, 而且还可以指其他的声音大。可以与speak, talk, laugh, read, sing, cry等动词连用, 也可以与其它动词连用；loudly 可以放在动词后面, 也可以放在动词前面。例如：

She screamed as loudly as she could. 她声嘶力竭地尖叫着。（摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第8版p.1238）

The audience laughed loudly at the joke. 观众听到这笑话大笑起来。（同上）

The bell is ringing loudly. 铃在大声地响着。(不能说：The bell is ringing loud.)

I felt very annoyed when my neighbour’s cock loudly crows outside my window.

我听到邻家的公鸡在我窗外大叫时心就烦。（摘自《薄冰英语惯用法词典》p.524）

在表示含有喧闹、贬义等令人不快的意味时, 最好不用或者少用loud, 要用 loudly 。例如：

Prisoners have complained loudly (= in a forceful way) about their living conditions. 囚犯们大声抱怨他们的生活条件太差。（摘自赵振才：《英语常见问题解答大词典》增订版第五版p.819）

Alf demanded loudly that he should be given what was due to him. 阿尔夫吵吵嚷嚷地要求, 该归他所得的一定要给他。（同上）