allow 表示“允许”的用法初探
湖北武汉 黎反修
在主动语态中,如果allow 后面没有宾语(名词或者代词),后面的动词要用动名词,作宾语,即allow doing sth(动名词作allow的宾语);如果allow 后面有宾语(名词或者代词),宾语后面的动词要用带 to 的动词不定式,作宾语补足语。即allow sb / sth. to do sth(“allow + 宾语”后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语)。例如:
They don’t allow smoking in this hotel. 他们不允许在宾馆里抽烟。(摘自《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》p.56)
We don’t allow / permit smoking in the lecture room. 我们不允许在演讲厅里抽烟。(摘自《牛津英语用法指南》105.4节)
He allowed her to leave. [=he let her leave] 他准许她离开。(摘自《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》p.56)
Allow me to get / open the door for you. 让我来为你开门。(同上)
If you’re going to remodel your kitchen , allow me to offer a few suggestions. 如果你打算对厨房进行改造,让我给你一些建议吧。(同上)
【注】 allow me to do something 用于礼貌地提出帮助别人的场合,意思是“让我来做某事”。
We don’t allow / permit people to smoke in the lecture room. 我们不允许人们在演讲厅里抽烟。(摘自《牛津英语用法指南》105.4节)
My parents wouldn’t allow me to go to the party. 父母不许我去参加聚会。(摘自《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第6版英英英汉双解版p.65)
Her boss allows her to work from home. 老板允许她在家办公。(同上)
Don’t allow your problems to dominate your life. 不要让碰到的问题支配你的生活。(同上)
在被动语态中,be allowed 后面的动词,应该用带 to 的动词不定式,作主语补足语,即be allowed to do sth(allow用于被动语态,后面的不定式作主语补足语)。例如:
People are not allowed / permitted to smoke in the lecture room.
演讲厅里不许人们吸烟。(摘自《牛津英语用法指南》第四版105.4节)
Students are not allowed to eat in class. 学生们在课堂上不允许吃东西。(摘自《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第6版英英英汉双解版p.65)
Students should be allowed to make their own decisions. 应该允许学生们自己作决定。(同上)
He alone was allowed to make decisions on foreign policy. 只有他被准许就外交政策做出决定。(或:只有他获准就外交政策做出决定。)
【注意】在allow 后面也不能接动名词复合结构,即allow 后面不能接“逻辑主语+动名词”。例如:
【正确】We didn’t allow him to come in. 我们不让他进来。
【错误】We didn’t allow him coming in.
【错误】We didn’t allow his coming in.
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