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高中英语新教材-词汇教学参考资料

abide

■abide/ə'baɪd/ vt.

【主要词义】

容忍

【典型例句】

(1) 接sth作宾语

I can’t abide the noise. 我无法容忍那噪音。

How can you abide such conditions? 这种环境你怎么受得了呢？

I can’t abide their chatter. 我受不了他们的喋喋不休。

Miss Furniss could not abide sloppiness. 弗尼斯小姐受不了马马虎虎的作风。

How could you abide such conditions? 这种环境你怎么受得了呢?

If there is one thing I cannot abide it is a lack of discipline. 若有什么我不能容忍的事，那就是缺乏纪律。

Mary couldn’t abide shopping on Saturdays because the stores were always so crowded. 玛丽忍受不了在星期六购物，因为商店里总是很拥挤。

(2) 接sb作宾语

I can’t abide people who can’t make up their minds. 我受不了优柔寡断的人。

I can’t abide that man—he’s so self-satisfied. 我受不了那个人，他太自满了。

I can’t abide people who can’t make up their minds. 我无法容忍下定不了决心的人。

【常用短语】

▲abide by遵守，履行，服从：

You must abide by the law. 你必须遵守法律。

I abide by my promise. 我遵守我的诺言。

I said I would abide by their decision. 我说了我会服从他们的决定的。

Competitors must abide by the judge’s decision. 比赛者必须服从裁判的裁决。

They promised to abide by the rules of the contest. 他们承诺遵守比赛规则。

The decision has been made, and we must all abide by it. 决定已经作出，我们必须遵守。

Generally, journalists abide by an agreed code of practice. 一般来说，新闻记者都守既定的行规。

【派生】

□abiding  a.由来已久的，持久的

He had an abiding interest in nature. 他对大自然有着不变的兴趣。

She has an abiding [=lasting] love of art. 她对艺术的热爱持久不变。

They enjoyed an abiding [=enduring] friendship. 他们的友谊地久天长。

She had a basic and abiding belief in democratic systems. 她对民主制度一直坚信不移。

Phil has a deep and abiding love for his family. 菲尔对自己的家人有深厚不渝的爱。

As a boy he had had an abiding curiosity about how things 小时候，他对事物的原理有着持久的好奇心。

【用法说明】

1.表示“容忍”时，通常与can, could 连用，且主要用于否定句或疑问句，一般不用于肯定句。其后的宾语通常是名(代)词或动名词，偶尔也接不定式(在现代英语中已很少见)：

I can’t abide seeing [to see] such cruelty. 眼见这种残暴行为，我不能容忍。（《朗文高级英语词典》）

She never could abide seeing people enjoying themselves. 她从来无法忍受看到人们快活。（《剑桥国际英语词典》）

She couldn’t abide to live in poverty. 在贫困中度日，她忍受不了。（Wood博士著《英语介词词典》）

2.以下四个短语均可表示“遵守”，但所搭配的介词不同：abide by, stand by, comply with, conform to。

(1) abide by

参见前面例句。

(2) stand by

I’ll stand by you whatever happens. 无论如何，我都支持你。

I will always stand by you and be your friend. 我将永远支持你，做你的朋友。

Whatever happens, you know that I’ll stand by you. 你知道无论发生什么事情，我都会支持你。

除表示“遵守”外，还可表示“站在…旁边”“坐视不理”“袖手旁观”“支持”“帮助”“忠于”等：

He went over and stood by the window. 他走了过去，站在窗边。

I couldn’t just stand by and do nothing. 我不能就那样袖手旁观。

She stood by her promise. 她信守承诺。

She had stood by him during his years in prison. 在他入狱的那些年月里，她一直对他忠心不二。

Peter stood by me when I most needed it. I’ll always appreciate that. 彼得在我最需要时支持了我。我对此将永远感激。

(3) comply with

He refused to comply with the club rules 他拒绝服从俱乐部的规则。

They refused to comply with the UN resolution. 他们拒绝遵守联合国的决议。

She must be made to comply with the rules. 必须强迫她遵守这些规则。

They refused to comply with the UN resolution. 他们拒绝遵守联合国的决议。

Failure to comply with the regulations will result in prosecution. 未遵守这些条例将被起诉。

(4) conform to

Students can be expelled for refusing to conform to school rules. 不遵守校规的学生可能会被开除。

All companies are required to conform to these rules. 所有公司都必须遵守这些规定。

Members must conform to a strict dress code. 成员们必须遵守严格的衣着规定。

Young people unconsciously conform to a dress code but reject any kind of uniform. 年轻人无意识地遵守着一种着装规定，但拒绝穿任何种类的制服。

British meat products now have to conform to strict hygiene regulations. 英国的肉类产品现在必须遵守严格的卫生条例。