高考英语真题原创示例（之三） 

 ■你知道高考英语的完形填空题是怎样选材和改编材料的吗？

●第一步：寻找材料

即从国外网站找材料——题材、体裁、内容当然是要符合命题要求。

●第二步：改编材料

即对从国外网站找来的材料进行改编——因为从国外网站找材料不一定可以直接使用。要改编的地方主要包括：

(1) 长度：若文章太长，要进行压缩或删节。

(2) 生词：若文章有超标单词，要进行改写或标注中文。

(3) 长难句：若文章有超出高考要求的长难句，要进行改写。

(4) 价值观：若文章中的句子有价值观问题，要删除或改写。

●第三步：正式命题

即根据改编好的材料进行命题。一般说来，高考英语的完形填空命题主要考查语境理解，不会涉及语法运用（考查语法运用是“语法填空题”的功能）。

……

■下面以2021-老高考-全国卷1-完形填空-为例看看高考题是如何改编材料的：

▲材料来源网址：

https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/royal-college-of-nursing-rcn/i-can-t-thank-you-enough-PB4rq2e4IT

▲命题原始材料：

I can’t thank you enough

It is a pity saying thank you does not come in grades so that everyone understands the protocol,writes Jo Harper.

Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations. I was pondering this while working on the recovery ward just a few weeks ago.

One of the surgeons was explaining to a patient the results of a knee arthroscopy. The patient nodded and seemed to understand everything.

Then there was an awkward interval when the surgeon had finished speaking but appeared to be waiting for something. He was like a hotel porter hanging on for a tip. Finally the patient realised what was expected of him and thanked the surgeon profusely for all he had done. The surgeon took his leave, satisfied that normal Doctor/Patient protocol had been maintained.

And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different grades of gratitude. Thank you’ is the same expression, whether we say it to the shop  assistant who packs our bags or the heart sur-geon who successfully replaces diseased valves.

My thoughts were soon put to the test. We had a woman on the ward who was recovering from knee replacement operation. One aftemoon, while attempting to get into she collapsed from what was eventually discovered to be a myocardial infarction. The collapse was dramatic, requiring the emergency medical team, crash trolley and good teamwork. But she recovered, albeit slowly, and was ready for discharge after four weeks.

 She was grateful for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her and was fulsome in her praise for the NHS. On her day of discharge, we shared in her delight at her recovery. As she was leaving she was keen to say goodbye to each nurse individually. When she reached one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note  into her hand. My colleaque refused to accept it, saying that we were all just doing our job.The patient looked mystified, and then replied: ‘Oh this isn’t for the care had, I take that as given. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.’

And there you have it. To many people, saving lives is part of the job but styling hair is an extra and should be rewarded. That is probably what the patient with the arthroscopy thought-that it was simply part of the service and any expression of gratitude would have been pointless.

Jo Harper is an agency nurse.

▲改编后的高考真题(2021-老高考-全国卷1-完形填空-真题)：

Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a ___41___ just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different ___42___ of gratitude (感谢).

My thoughts were soon ___43___. We had a woman patient who was ___44___ from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while ___45___to get into bed she collapsed (倒下) from what was ___46___ discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, ___47___ the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though ___48___, and was ready for discharge (出院) after four weeks.

She was ___49___ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her ___50___ at her recovery. As she was ___51___ she was eager to say___52___ to each of us in the nursing team. When she ___53___ one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague ___54___ to accept it, saying that we were all just ___55___ our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then ___56___: “Oh this isn’t for the ___57___ I had. I take that as a ___58___. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.”

And there you have it. To many people, ___59___ lives is part of the job but styling hair is an ___60___ and should be rewarded.

41. A. cleaner          B. chemist          C. nurse               D. doctor

42. A. grades           B. meanings      C. needs               D. expectations

43. A. brushed aside                          B. put to the test

C. brought under discussion          D. taken into account

44. A. departing       B. escaping       C. retiring              D. recovering

45. A. attempting     B. choosing       C. pausing            D. promising

46. A. eventually     B. fortunately     C. casually             D. secretly

47. A. assessing     B. requiring        C. forming             D. proving

48. A. slightly          B. accidentally   C. slowly               D. happily

49. A. grateful         B. thoughtful      C. sorrowful          D. fearful

50. A. surprise         B. delight           C. curiosity            D. disappointment

51. A. operating      B. thinking         C. hesitating         D. leaving

52. A. sorry             B. hello              C. goodbye           D. yes

53. A. reached        B. consulted       C. introduced        D. persuaded

54. A. wished         B. pretended      C. failed                D. refused

55. A. enjoying        B. doing             C. securing           D. starting

56. A. repeated      B. recited           C. replied              D. reported

57. A. courage        B. patience        C. duty                  D. care

58. A. goal             B. given             C. saving               D. building

60. A. honour        B. ability             C. opening            D. extra

▲命题改编示例（逐段对照）：

1.加粗且变了颜色的部分为改写的单词或短语；

2.加黄色背景的部分为高考命题时删除的内容；

3.为方便阅读，我们将改编前后的材料分段排列。

4.注意：本题的改编删除的内容比较多。

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

It is a pity saying thank you does not come in grades so that everyone understands the protocol,writes Jo Harper.

Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations. I was pondering this while working on the recovery ward just a few weeks ago.

One of the surgeons was explaining to a patient the results of a knee arthroscopy. The patient nodded and seemed to understand everything.

Then there was an awkward interval when the surgeon had finished speaking but appeared to be waiting for something. He was like a hotel porter hanging on for a tip. Finally the patient realised what was expected of him and thanked the surgeon profusely for all he had done. The surgeon took his leave, satisfied that normal Doctor/Patient protocol had been maintained.

And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different grades of gratitude. “Thank you” is the same expression, whether we say it to the shop  assistant who packs our bags or the heart sur-geon who successfully replaces diseased valves.

◎改编后的高考真题：

Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a ___41___ just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different ___42___ of gratitude (感谢).

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

My thoughts were soon put to the test. We had a woman on the ward who was recovering from knee replacement operation. One aftemoon, while attempting to get into she collapsed from what was eventually discovered to be a myocardial infarction. The collapse was dramatic, requiring the emergency medical team, crash trolley and good teamwork. But she recovered, albeit slowly, and was ready for discharge after four weeks. 

◎改编后的高考真题：

My thoughts were soon ___43___. We had a woman patient who was ___44___ from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while ___45___to get into bed she collapsed (倒下) from what was ___46___ discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, ___47___ the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though ___48___, and was ready for discharge (出院) after four weeks.

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

She was grateful for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her and was fulsome in her praise for the NHS. On her day of discharge, we shared in her delight at her recovery. As she was leaving she was keen to say goodbye to each nurse individually. When she reached one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleaque refused to accept it, saying that we were all just doing our job.The patient looked mystified, and then replied: ‘Oh this isn’t for the care had, I take that as given. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.’

◎改编后的高考真题：

She was ___49___ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her ___50___ at her recovery. As she was ___51___ she was eager to say___52___ to each of us in the nursing team. When she ___53___ one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague ___54___ to accept it, saying that we were all just ___55___ our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then ___56___: “Oh this isn’t for the ___57___ I had. I take that as a ___58___. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.”

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

And there you have it. To many people, saving lives is part of the job but styling hair is an extra and should be rewarded. That is probably what the patient with the arthroscopy thought-that it was simply part of the service and any expression of gratitude would have been pointless.

Jo Harper is an agency nurse.

◎改编后的高考真题：

And there you have it. To many people, ___59___ lives is part of the job but styling hair is an ___60___ and should be rewarded.