高考英语真题原创示例（之一）

■你知道高考英语的语法填题是怎样选材的吗？

●第一步：寻找材料

即从国外网站找材料——题材、体裁、内容当然是要符合命题要求。

●第二步：改编材料

即对从国外网站找来的材料进行改编——因为从国外网站找材料不一定可以直接使用。要改编的地方主要包括：

(1) 长度：若文章太长，要进行压缩或删节。

(2) 生词：若文章有超标单词，要进行改写或标注中文。

(3) 长难句：若文章有超出高考要求的长难句，要进行改写。

(4) 价值观：若文章中的句子有价值观问题，要删除或改写。

●第三步：正式命题

……

■下面以2021-新高考-全国卷Ⅱ-语法填空-为例看看高考题是如何改编材料的： 

▲材料来源网址：

https://upfront.scholastic.com/issues/2018-19/010719/how-plastic-is-trashing-the-planet.html

▲命题原始材料：

I’ve always loved the ocean. In seventh grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic trash, thinking it’s food.

I decided to do something to educate people about this problem. In 2017, I founded Jr Ocean Guardians as part of my work with the Girl Scouts. We hold presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste.

I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company that used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back. What’s the worst that could happen if they don’t respond? I thought.

One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws. I googled the contact info of the company and emailed its president. I told him how plastic can harm the environment and asked him to consider using more sustainable options.

I was so excited when he wrote back to me. He said he had been thinking about reducing plastic waste. After reading my letter, he made sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws, drink stirrers, and cup lids in half.

I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to was Alaska Airlines. A company representative wrote back and told me the airline was switching from plastic to paper stirrers on all of its 1,200 daily flights.

I always tell people: Everyone can make a change. Look for small things you can do, because they add up.

▲改编后的高考真题(2021-新高考英语-全国卷Ⅱ-语法填空-真题)：

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

I’ve always loved the ocean. In the ___56___ (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ___57___ (think) it is food.

I decided to do something ___58___ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company ___59___ used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back.

One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws (吸管). I found the contact information of the company ___60___ emailed its president. I told him how ___61___ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so___62___ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.

I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ___63___ (be) Alaska Airlines. A company ___64___ (represent). wrote back and told me the airline was switching over ___65___plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.

答案：56. seventh 57. thinking 58. to educate 59. which / that 60. and 61. harmful 62. excited 63. was 64. representative 65. the

▲命题改编示例（逐段对照）：

1.加粗且变了颜色的部分为改写的单词或短语；

2.加黄色背景的部分为高考命题时删除的内容；

3.为方便阅读，我们将改编前后的材料分段排列。

◎改编前的原始材料：

I’ve always loved the ocean. In seventh grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic trash, thinking it’s food.

◎改编后的高考真题：

I’ve always loved the ocean. In the ___56___ (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ___57___ (think) it is food.

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

I decided to do something to educate people about this problem. In 2017, I founded Jr Ocean Guardians as part of my work with the Girl Scouts. We hold presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste.

I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company that used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back. What’s the worst that could happen if they don’t respond? I thought.

◎改编后的高考真题：

I decided to do something ___58___ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company ___59___ used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back.

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws. I googled the contact info of the company and emailed its president. I told him how plastic can harm the environment and asked him to consider using more sustainable options.

I was so excited when he wrote back to me. He said he had been thinking about reducing plastic waste. After reading my letter, he made sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws, drink stirrers, and cup lids in half.

◎改编后的高考真题：

One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws (吸管). I found the contact information of the company ___60___ emailed its president. I told him how ___61___ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so___62___ (excite) when he wrote back to me. He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to was Alaska Airlines. A company representative wrote back and told me the airline was switching from plastic to paper stirrers on all of its 1,200 daily flights.

I always tell people: Everyone can make a change. Look for small things you can do, because they add up.

◎改编后的高考真题：

I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ___63___ (be) Alaska Airlines. A company ___64___ (represent). wrote back and told me the airline was switching over ___65___plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.

真题参考答案：56. seventh 57. thinking 58. to educate 59. which / that 60. and 61. harmful 62. excited 63. was 64. representative 65. the