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2017版高中英语新教材词汇

教学参考资料（配新教材）

Chicago

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▲Chicago/ʃɪˈkɑːɡəʊ/（课标外教材词汇）

【备考词义】

n.芝加哥(美国城市)

【学习要点】

1.参考例句

He grew up in Chicago. 他在芝加哥长大。

I lived in Chicago for two years. 我在芝加哥住过两年。

The train goes from New York to Chicago. 火车从纽约驶往芝加哥。

You' ll have to change at Chicago. 你要在芝加哥换车。

He’s on the 3 o’clock flight from Chicago. 他乘坐3点钟从芝加哥出发的航班。

This flight is routed to Chicago via New York. 这班机是经纽约飞往芝加哥的。

2.相关背景

(1) 根据《新牛津英汉双解大词典》：

Chicago：a city in Illinois, on Lake Michigan; pop. 2,783,730 (1990). Selected as a terminal for the new Illinois and Michigan canal, Chicago developed during the 19th century as a major grain market and food-processing centre

芝加哥：伊利诺斯州城市，临密歇根湖，1990年人口2,783,730；作为伊利诺斯密歇根新运河终点，该市于19世纪发展成为主要粮食市场和食品加工中心。

(2) 根据《美国传统英汉双解学习词典》：

Chicago：The largest city of Illinois, in the northeast part of the state on Lake Michigan. It is a major port and the commercial, financial, industrial, and cultural center of the Middle West. The city was nearly destroyed by a disastrous fire in 1871. Population, 2,783,726.

芝加哥：美国伊利诺斯州最大的城市，位于该州的东北部密歇根湖上。是中西部重要的港口城市以及商业、经济、工业和文化中心。这座城市在1871年曾被一场大火灾几乎摧毁。人口2,783,726。

(3) 选自多本权威词典的背景例句：

Guidebooks call Chicago “The Windy City”. 旅游书上称芝加哥为“风城”。（朗文词典）

In 1872, Chicago was burned to the ground. 在 1872 年，芝加哥被烧为灰烬。（柯林斯词典）

The Chicago of the 1920s was a terrifying place. 20年代（指上个世纪20年代）的芝加哥是一个恐怖的地方。（朗文语法）

The population of New York is greater than that of Chicago. 纽约人口比芝加哥人口多。（朗文语法）

The Chicago area has a population of about eight million. 芝加哥有近800 万人口。（剑桥词典）

Chicago is known as the home of the blues. 芝加哥被称为布鲁斯音乐的发源地。（朗文词典）

Chicago is one of the largest cities in the USA. 芝加哥是美国最大的城市之一。（柯林斯语法）

Chicago is celebrated for its architecture. 芝加哥以其建筑而著名。（朗文词典）

Chicago has many beautiful parks. 芝加哥有许多美丽的公园。（张道真“现代英语用法词典”）

※真题例句※

Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. 甚至连奥巴碍总统的岳母玛丽安•鲁滨逊也已经同意离开芝加哥，搬到白宫来帮忙照顾孙女们。(2016全国卷Ⅰ阅B)

In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. 在芝加哥的早期历史中，洪水频繁发生，尤其是在春天，使得街道变得泥泞不堪，以至于人、马和车都陷入了泥泞之中。(2015湖南卷阅B)

The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city. 唯一的两个选择是，降低芝加哥河的水位或提高城市。(2015湖南卷阅B)

Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. 芝加哥大学研究幼儿数学发展的心理学家苏珊·莱文发现，在2岁至4岁时玩拼图游戏的儿童日后会发展出更好的空间技能。(2020全国卷Ⅱ阅B)

附：一篇关于Chicago 的阅读理解真题（2015湖南卷阅读理解B）

In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies, “No, thanks. I’ve got a good horse under me.”

The city planners decided to build an underground drainage (排水) system, but there simply wasn’t enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.

An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city’s streets by as much as 12 feet.

This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice：either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building?

That’s where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews (螺旋千斤顶) beneath the building’s foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullman’s signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didn’t even notice anything was happening.

Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago’s early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago’s waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city’s next step was to clean the polluted river.

61. The author mentions the joke to show ______. (B)

A. horses were fairly useful in Chicago

B. Chicago’s streets were extremely muddy

C. Chicago was very dangerous in the spring

D. the Chicago people were particularly humorous

62. The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to ______. (D)

A. get rid of the street dirt

B. lower the Chicago River

C. fight against heavy floods

D. build the pipes above ground

63. The underlined word “hoist” in Paragraph 4 means “______”. (B)

A. change

B. lift

C. repair

D. decorate

64. What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel? (A)

A. It went on smoothly as intended.

B. It interrupted the business of the hotel.

C. It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews.

D. It separated the building from its foundation.

65. The passage is mainly about early Chicago’s ______. (C)

A. popular life styles and their influences

B. environmental disasters and their causes

C. engineering problems and their solutions

D. successful businessmen and their achievements

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