语法术语:“可变名词”
刘永科
有网友问:我知道英语有可数名词和不可数名词,但第一次听说 “可变名词”,请问:什么叫可变名词?
“可变名词”(variable noun),是当代英语词法中新兴的一个术语。尤其在《柯林斯高级英语词典》和《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》中经常见到,在名词词条下有N-VAR标识。
“可变名词”,是针对同一个名词的“可数和不可数”以及“单数和复数”的相互转化而言,但前提是,词义不发生变化。
例如,cake 一词,在词义不变的前提下,既可以是不可数名词,也可以是可数名词;既可以是单数,也可以是复数。例如:
可数用法:
Did you make these cakes yourselves? 这些蛋糕是你们亲手做的吗?
I made a cake specially for you. 我特地为你做了个蛋糕。
Lucy, would you like another cake? 露西,你还想再要一块蛋糕吗?
不可数用法:
There isn't enough cake to go round. 没有足够的蛋糕分给每人吃。
Would you care for another piece of cake? 您再来一块蛋糕好吗?
Would you like some chocolate cake? 来点巧克力蛋糕怎么样?
但是,对于一个单、复数会导致词义变化的名词而言,则不属于此类。例如,paper 一词,其单、复数词义不同,所以,它不叫“可变名词”。
1. He wrote his name down on a piece of paper. 他把他的名字写在一张纸上。(不可数名词,“纸”)
2. The teacher was busy setting a paper. 老师正忙于出考题。(可数名词单数,“试题”)
3. I had to empty out the drawer to find the papers. 我不得不倒出抽屉的东西以找出那些文件。(可数名词复数,“文件”)
【温馨提示】知道了“可变名词”(variable noun)是怎么回事,今后写句子就不用担心名词可数、不可数的问题了。例如,括号表示可供选择的说法。
My aunt brought me a box of candy(candies), and I took a piece of candy from the box. (and I took a candy from the box. )
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