形容词作介词宾语的用法初探(一)

形容词作介词宾语的用法初探(一)湖北武汉   黎反修  在英语中,有些形容词可以作某些介词的宾语。但是,不是任何形容词都可以作任何介词的宾语。形容词作介词宾语的用法主要见于以下情况:(1)...

形容词作介词宾语的用法初探()

湖北武汉   黎反修

在英语中,有些形容词可以作某些介词的宾语。但是,不是任何形容词都可以作任何介词的宾语。

形容词作介词宾语的用法主要见于以下情况:

1)有些形容词用作介词的宾语可视为其前省略了 being 。如:

He regarded the situation as (being) serious. 他认为形势严峻。

His work is far from (being) satisfactory. 他的工作丝毫不令人满意。

2)有些介词 + 形容词的结构已构成固定搭配。如《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第9版把这种结构作为形容词词条中的习语(IDM)处理。也有的词典如《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》认为此结构中有的形容词是名词。如:

(all) of a sudden 突然:

All of a sudden someone grabbed me around the neck. 猛不防有人抓住了我的脖子。(摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第9p.2159

I was walking down the street when, all of a sudden, it started raining.我在街上行走时突然下起了雨。(摘自《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》p.2101) 

All of a sudden, I saw what he was looking at.我突然明白了他在看什么。(同上)

It seemed to happen all of a sudden—I felt dizzy and I just collapsed. 一切似乎都发生得很突——我觉得头晕,然后就晕倒了。(摘自《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》p.2255

All of a sudden, the bedroom window flew open. 突然间,卧室的窗户开了。(摘自《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》p.2100

All of a sudden the lights went out. 突然,灯都灭了。(摘自《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第6版)

as usual照例,照常,像平常一样:

We went to bed that evening around 10.30 as usual. 那天晚上我们像平常一样大约在10:30睡觉。(摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第9p.2317 

We joked and laughed as usual. 我们像往常一样嘻嘻哈哈地开着玩笑。(摘自《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》p.2317) 

I was very tired at the end of the day, as usual. 像往常一样,我一天下来筋疲力尽。(同上

at large普遍地(的),全体地(的),详细地:

This group is not representative  of the population at large. 这个团体不是全体人民的代表。(摘自《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》p.1233

He spoke at large about the problem. 他详细地解释了那个问题。(摘自《英汉多功能词典》新编升级版)

by far(与形容词或副词的比较级或者最高级连用)...... 得多,最:

The last of these reasons is by far the most important. 这些理由中最后一条比其他的重

要得多。(摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第9p.775

Amy is the smartest by far. 埃米显然最聪明。(同上)

in full 全部地,全面地 The address must be printed in full. 地址必须以印刷体详尽填写。(摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第9p.880

in particular尤其,特别地:

He loves science fiction in particular. 他特别喜爱科幻小说。(摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第9p.1551

in general 通常,大体上,一般;总的说来,从总体上看:

In general, Japanese cars are very reliable and breakdowns are rare. 日本汽车通常是

很可靠的,发生故障的情况很少。(摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第9p.903

in brief简言之;一言以蔽之;简单地说:

In brief, the meeting was a disaster. 总之,那会议遭透了。(摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第9p.254

Now the rest of the news in brief. 现在简要报道其他新闻。(同上)

in short总之,简而言之:His novels belong to a great but vanished age. They are, in short, old-fashioned. 他的小说属于一个辉煌但已逝去的时代。一句话,已经过时了。(摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第9p.1980

in vain 无益地;徒然;枉费心机;徒劳无益;白费力气:

They tried in vain to persuade her to go. 他们极力劝说她去,但枉费了一番口舌。(摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第9p.2386

All our efforts were in vain. 我们的所有努力都付诸东流了。(同上)

We searched in vain for the missing earring.[= we searched for the missing earring but did not find it ]我们寻找丢失的耳环,不过是白费力气。(摘自《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》p.2320) 

He tried in vain to get the baby to sleep. 他努力想哄宝宝入睡,却是徒劳一场。(同上)

Her suffering will not be in vain. [= something good will happen because of her suffering] 她不会白白受苦的。(同上)

for better or (for) worse 同甘共苦;不论是福是祸;不管怎样;无论好坏:

I married you for better or worse, knowing all about these problems.  这些问题我的知道,不管怎样我还是嫁给你了。(摘自《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》第8p.174

Anyway, for better or for worse, I followed her advice. 不管结果怎样,我还是听从了她的建议。(摘自《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》p.192

for free 免费地,无偿地, 义务地:I wasn’t expecting you to do it for free.  我没有指望你白干。(摘自《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》第8p.803

for certain肯定地,确切地, 无疑地:I can’t say for certain when we’ll arrive.  我说不准我们什么时候能到。(摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第9p.330

No one knows for certain what the outcome will be. 谁也说不准结果将会如何。(摘自《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》p.333)

We’ll need more than an hour to get there for certain. [=for sure ] 我们肯定要花一个多小时才能到那儿。(同上) 

I don’t know for certain if she’s coming. 我不能肯定她是否会来。(摘自《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》p.331

I can’t say for certain how long I’ll be there. 我说不准我在那儿会呆多久。(同上)

for sure  肯定地,确切地, 无疑地:      

No one knows for sure what happened. 没有人确切地知道发生了什么事。(摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第9p.2173

I think he’ll be back on Monday, but I can’t say for sure. 我想他星期一会回来,不过我不敢肯定。(同上)

One thing is for sure—it’s not going to be easy.有一点可以肯定,事情不会很容易。(同上)

We’ll always need teachers, that’s for sure. 我们永远都需要教师,这是肯定的。(摘自《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第6sure词条)

No one knows for sure [=for certain] what happened. 没有人知道到底发生了什么。(摘自《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》p.2113)

That was a mistake for sure. = That for sure was a mistake. 那肯定是个错误。(同上)【(US, informal“Do you want to come to the party?”“For sure.”“你想来参加聚会吗?”“肯定啊。】(同上)

“We don’t want that to happen again.”“That’s for sure !”[=that is certainly true]“我们不希望再发生那样的事。”“肯定不会了。(同上)

  • 发表于 2023-02-06 19:50
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  • 分类:形容词

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